Acchiardo S R, Skoutaski V A, Hatch F E
Proc Clin Dial Transplant Forum. 1975 Nov;5:6-8.
In conclusion, a blind, prospective study demonstrated that HS was the most effective way of treating muscle cramps induced by hemodialysis. Hypertonic non-electrolyte solutions were less effective. The chance of a placebo effect in these patients is about 13.0%.