Kobrin Sidney M, Berns Jeffrey S
Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
Semin Dial. 2007 Sep-Oct;20(5):396-401. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-139X.2007.00330.x.
Hemodialysis patients are susceptible to muscle cramps, both during dialysis sessions as well as in the interdialytic interval. These cramps are often very painful, disruptive to the dialysis treatment, and adversely affect quality of life. There is no well-defined means of preventing or treating these cramps. Quinine sulfate has been used with apparent success in some patients, but the Food and Drug Administration recently ordered the cessation of marketing of unapproved quinine formulations and advised consumers to avoid "off-label" use of quinine for cramps. We review the causes and consequences of hemodialysis-associated cramps, and discuss possible preventive measures and treatments.
血液透析患者在透析期间以及透析间期都容易发生肌肉痉挛。这些痉挛通常非常疼痛，会干扰透析治疗，并对生活质量产生不利影响。目前尚无明确的预防或治疗这些痉挛的方法。硫酸奎宁在一些患者中使用似乎取得了成功，但美国食品药品监督管理局最近下令停止销售未经批准的奎宁制剂，并建议消费者避免“标签外”使用奎宁治疗痉挛。我们回顾了血液透析相关痉挛的原因和后果，并讨论了可能的预防措施和治疗方法。
