Fogelholm G M, Kukkonen-Harjula T K, Sievänen H T, Oja P, Vuori I M
UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland.
Br J Nutr. 1996 Jun;75(6):793-802. doi: 10.1079/bjn19960186.
Using percentage body fat (BF%) from a three-compartment (3C) model (body density from underwater weighing (UWW) and bone-mineral mass from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as a criterion, we studied the accuracy of UWW, DXA, two skinfold equations, and two bioimpedance (BIA) equations. Thirty-four women (aged 16-20 years) with BF% 13.5-31.1 volunteered. UWW underestimated BF% by -0.5 BF% (95% CI: -1.0; -0.02), whereas DXA overestimated it by 7.3 BF% (95% CI 5.8; 8.8). Skinfolds underestimated and BIA overpredicted BF%. The differences between 3C and UWW, skinfolds (Durnin & Womersley, 1974) and BIA (Deurenberg et al. 1990) were dependent (range of r values: -0.63 to -0.79; P < 0.0001) on BF%, causing an overestimation of lean subjects' (UWW, BIA) or an underestimation of normal-weight subjects' (UWW, skinfolds) BF%. The 3C model and UWW gave comparable body-composition results for healthy young women with BF% of approximately 20-25. Based on a significant mean difference from the 3C model, and a large standard error of the estimate, we do not regard DXA as superior to skinfolds or BIA to assess BF%.
以三室模型（3C）得出的体脂百分比（BF%）（水下称重法（UWW）测得的身体密度和双能X线吸收法（DXA）测得的骨矿物质质量）为标准，我们研究了UWW、DXA、两个皮褶厚度公式和两个生物电阻抗（BIA）公式的准确性。34名年龄在16至20岁、BF%为13.5 - 31.1的女性自愿参与。UWW低估BF%达 -0.5 BF%（95%置信区间：-1.0；-0.02），而DXA高估BF%达7.3 BF%（95%置信区间5.8；8.8）。皮褶厚度公式低估了BF%，而BIA公式高估了BF%。3C模型与UWW、皮褶厚度公式（杜宁和沃姆斯利，1974年）以及BIA公式（德伦伯格等人，1990年）之间的差异取决于BF%（r值范围：-0.63至-0.79；P < 0.0001），导致对瘦受试者（UWW、BIA）的BF%高估，或对正常体重受试者（UWW、皮褶厚度公式）的BF%低估。对于BF%约为20 - 25的健康年轻女性，3C模型和UWW得出的身体成分结果相当。基于与3C模型的显著平均差异以及较大的估计标准误差，我们认为在评估BF%方面，DXA并不优于皮褶厚度公式或BIA公式。
