Spring P M, Cote D N
Dept of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery, Tulane University Medical School, New Orleans, USA.
J La State Med Soc. 1996 May;148(5):199-203.
Maxillofacial trauma in the pediatric population is a relatively infrequent occurrence. Studies have demonstrated consistently that 5% of all facial fractures occur in children. The low percentage of facial fractures in this age group has been attributed, in part, to the lack of full pneumatization of the sinuses until later in childhood. Review of the literature indicates that boys are more commonly affected than girls and that the majority of pediatric facial fractures occur in children between 6 and 12 years of age. Motor vehicle accidents, falls, and blunt trauma are responsible for the largest number of pediatric facial fractures. The most common site of facial fracture is the nose and dentoalveolan complex, followed by the mandible, orbit, and midface in most pediatric cohorts. Management of the mandible is often conservative owing to the high percentage of isolated condylar fractures in children. Open reduction and internal fixation of pediatric facial fractures is indicated in complex mandible, midface, and orbital fractures. The effect of rigid fixation on facial skeleton growth is not completely understood.
小儿颌面部创伤相对较少见。研究一致表明，所有面部骨折中有5%发生在儿童身上。该年龄组面部骨折比例较低，部分原因是鼻窦在儿童期后期才完全气化。文献回顾表明，男孩比女孩更易受影响，大多数小儿面部骨折发生在6至12岁的儿童中。机动车事故、跌倒和钝器伤是小儿面部骨折的主要原因。在大多数小儿病例中，面部骨折最常见的部位是鼻和牙槽复合体，其次是下颌骨、眼眶和中面部。由于儿童孤立性髁突骨折的比例较高，下颌骨的治疗通常较为保守。小儿复杂的下颌骨、中面部和眼眶骨折需要进行切开复位内固定。坚强内固定对面部骨骼生长的影响尚未完全明确。
