Tate A K, Petruzzello S J
Department of Kinesiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 61801, USA.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1995 Dec;35(4):295-302.
Little is known regarding effects of components of the exercise stimulus (e.g., intensity, duration) on affective responses. The effect of varying levels of exercise intensity was examined for state anxiety (SA), positive affect (energetic arousal; EA), and negative affect (tense arousal; TA). Twenty subjects (M age = 22.6 years; M VO2 max = 47.8 ml.kg-1.min-1) participated in 3 randomly assigned conditions: (a) no exercise (control), (b) cycling@ 55% VO2max, and (c) cycling@ 70% VO2max. After being seated on an exercise bike, subjects completed the affect measures and were then told what condition they had been assigned for that day. Subjects either exercised or sat quietly on the bike for 30 min. Affect measures were obtained during exercise (or control), upon cessation of each condition, and then during the 30 min post-condition period. No changes occurred for the control condition on any variables. SA increased (p < 0.05) for both intensities during exercise followed by a significant post-exercise reduction only in the 70% VO2max condition. EA increased (p < 0.05) during exercise and remained elevated following both exercise intensities; increased EA was maintained to a greater extent following the 70% intensity condition (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that aerobic exercise (55-70% VO2max) elicits not only decreases in negative feeling states (state anxiety) but also increases in positive affect. Further, there is some evidence that such changes may be dependent on exercise intensity.
关于运动刺激的组成部分（如强度、持续时间）对情感反应的影响，目前所知甚少。研究了不同运动强度水平对状态焦虑（SA）、积极情感（精力充沛的唤醒；EA）和消极情感（紧张的唤醒；TA）的影响。20名受试者（平均年龄 = 22.6岁；平均最大摄氧量 = 47.8毫升·千克⁻¹·分钟⁻¹）参与了3种随机分配的条件：（a）不运动（对照组），（b）以55%最大摄氧量进行骑行，以及（c）以70%最大摄氧量进行骑行。坐在健身自行车上后，受试者完成情感测量，然后被告知当天他们被分配到的条件。受试者要么运动30分钟，要么安静地坐在自行车上。在运动期间（或对照期间）、每种条件结束时以及条件结束后的30分钟内获取情感测量数据。对照组在任何变量上均无变化。在运动期间，两种强度下的SA均增加（p < 0.05），但仅在70%最大摄氧量条件下运动后显著降低。在运动期间EA增加（p < 0.05），并且在两种运动强度后均保持升高；在70%强度条件后，升高的EA维持在更大程度（p < 0.05）。这些发现表明，有氧运动（55 - 70%最大摄氧量）不仅会引起消极情绪状态（状态焦虑）的降低，还会引起积极情感的增加。此外，有一些证据表明，这种变化可能取决于运动强度。
