Bartl G, Lager F, Domesle L
Institut für Verkehrspsychologie des Kuratoriums für Verkehrssicherheit, Wien.
Blutalkohol. 1996 Jan;33(1):1-16.
Driving ability of 34 males under minor influence of alcohol was tested at the ART 90 test unit of the Austrian Road Safety Board. Furthermore, 22 males not under the influence of alcohol, formed part of the sober control group. Some months previously, all volunteers had completed a driver aptitude test consisting of identical tests for all participants. Therefore a before-and-after analysis as well as a comparison of the different groups could be carried out by means of MANOVA. A high motivational level was guaranteed in the first tests as all test persons' driver qualification depended on the results of their driver aptitude tests. Months later they were invited to participate in this study on a voluntary basis. The second tests took place immediately after a social evening at which 8 volunteers were present at any one time. To create conditions as near to reality as possible, only alcohol that would be readily available to the public was served. An entertainer ensured an equally cheerful and relaxed atmosphere in both the experimental and control groups. Alcohol levels were measured by means of the Siemens breathalyser. Results show that as early as an average alcohol level of 0.67/1000 performance is significantly impaired: three times more errors in concentration tests, twice as many errors in reaction tests, twice as many observation errors in visual structuring and a considerable reduction of reactive stress tolerance. On the other hand quantitative dimensions of performance such as reaction time are not significantly impaired. In addition, the readiness to take risks increases with alcohol consumption as is shown by means of questionnaire.
在奥地利道路安全委员会的ART 90测试单元对34名受轻微酒精影响的男性的驾驶能力进行了测试。此外，22名未受酒精影响的男性组成了清醒对照组。几个月前，所有志愿者都完成了一项驾驶员能力测试，所有参与者的测试内容相同。因此，可以通过多变量方差分析进行前后分析以及不同组之间的比较。在首次测试中确保了较高的积极性，因为所有测试人员的驾驶资格都取决于他们的驾驶员能力测试结果。几个月后，他们被邀请自愿参加这项研究。第二次测试在一个社交晚会之后立即进行，每次有8名志愿者在场。为了营造尽可能接近现实的条件，只提供公众容易获得的酒精。一名艺人确保实验组和对照组都有同样愉快和轻松的氛围。通过西门子呼气酒精含量测定仪测量酒精含量。结果表明，早在平均酒精含量达到0.67/1000时，驾驶表现就会受到显著损害：注意力测试中的错误增加三倍，反应测试中的错误增加两倍，视觉结构观察错误增加两倍，反应应激耐受性大幅降低。另一方面，诸如反应时间等表现的定量维度并未受到显著损害。此外，问卷调查显示，冒险意愿会随着酒精摄入量的增加而增强。
