Rossi L, Meneguz P G, De Martin P, Rodolfi M
Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Epidemiologia ed Ecologia, Università di Torino, Italia.
Parassitologia. 1995 Dec;37(2-3):233-40.
Sarcoptic mange is the most severe infection in chamois in the Eastern Alps. This study analyses and discusses data from two mange foci in the Foresta Demaniale di Tarvisio (NE Italy). The first impact of mange on naive host populations was dramatic, with mortality rates of over 80%. The chamois herds were decimated, but they recovered quite fast and two later epizootics were observed to have a far less severe impact on the chamois population. Intervals between successive waves lasted 10 to 15 years. No sign of low reproductive performance nor evidence of a poor physical condition of the animals was observed in the years preceding the new epizootic waves. Mortality rates were only slightly influenced by the density of the host population. In a long lasting focus of disease, adult males appeared more vulnerable to mange than other sex and age classes. Cases of mange were also more frequent in winter and spring. This seasonal trend may be explained by the interaction between the dynamics of mites, ethological patterns-rut activity-and the poorer physical condition of the host during this period.
疥螨病是东阿尔卑斯山区岩羚羊最严重的感染疾病。本研究分析并讨论了来自塔尔维西奥国家森林（意大利东北部）两个疥螨病疫源地的数据。疥螨病对未感染过的宿主种群的首次影响是巨大的，死亡率超过80%。岩羚羊群数量锐减，但它们恢复得相当快，后来观察到的两次 epizootics 对岩羚羊种群的影响要小得多。连续疫情波之间的间隔持续10至15年。在新的 epizootic 波出现之前的几年里，没有观察到繁殖性能低下的迹象，也没有证据表明动物身体状况不佳。死亡率仅受宿主种群密度的轻微影响。在一个长期存在的疾病疫源地中，成年雄性似乎比其他性别和年龄组更容易感染疥螨病。疥螨病病例在冬季和春季也更为频繁。这种季节性趋势可能是由螨虫动态、行为模式——发情活动——以及宿主在此期间较差的身体状况之间的相互作用所解释的。
