De Andraca Oyarzún I, Salas Aliaga I, de la Parra Cieciwa A, González López B
Instituto de Nutrición Technología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile.
Arch Latinoam Nutr. 1993 Sep;43(3):191-8.
Iron deficiency anemia is a highly prevalent nutritional disorder. Research in the last two decades shows that if this nutritional disorder occurs during the first two years of life it is associated with poor psychomotor performance and changes in behavior, such as reduced levels of responsitivy to persons and stimuli, irritability and inhibition. Further studies demonstrate that effects observed during infancy persist in the long term; preschool children who were anemic at twelve months show lower cognitive and motor scores than control children with normal iron nutritional status. In the study we evaluated 35 preschool children with an average age of 5 years and 6 months, 20 were anemic at one year and 15 had normal iron status. Behavior characteristics of the child and the mother-child interaction patterns were analyzed. All children participated in a semistructured play and teaching task trial which was filmed and later codified through a specially designed guideline. Results suggest that formerly anemic preschool children are less active, more inhibited and timid than the corresponding controls. Mothers of children with normal iron status during infancy are more responsive, having a rich two-way interaction with their sons, while mother of preschool children who were anemic are more frequently restricted to a response to the child. Although findings are not conclusive, they may direct future studies designed to clarify the complex relationship between anemia and behavior.
缺铁性贫血是一种非常普遍的营养失调症。过去二十年的研究表明，如果这种营养失调发生在生命的头两年，它会与心理运动发育不良以及行为变化相关联，比如对人和刺激的反应水平降低、易怒和抑制。进一步的研究表明，在婴儿期观察到的影响会长期持续；12个月时贫血的学龄前儿童在认知和运动方面的得分低于铁营养状况正常的对照儿童。在这项研究中，我们评估了35名平均年龄为5岁6个月的学龄前儿童，其中20名在1岁时贫血，15名铁状态正常。分析了儿童的行为特征和母子互动模式。所有儿童都参与了一项半结构化的游戏和教学任务试验，该试验进行了录像，随后通过专门设计的指南进行编码。结果表明，曾经贫血的学龄前儿童比相应的对照组儿童更不活跃、更内向和胆小。婴儿期铁状态正常的儿童的母亲反应更积极，与儿子有丰富的双向互动，而贫血学龄前儿童的母亲则更常局限于对孩子的回应。尽管研究结果尚无定论，但它们可能为未来旨在阐明贫血与行为之间复杂关系的研究指明方向。
