Kurtz M E, Kurtz J C, Johnson S M, Beverly E E
Department of Family Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA.
Prev Med. 1996 May-Jun;25(3):286-92. doi: 10.1006/pmed.1996.0058.
A study was designed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and preventive efforts with regard to exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) among a sample of urban African American children and adolescents.
A sample of 675 students enrolled in grades 5 through 12 in an urban public school district located in the greater metropolitan area of Detroit, Michigan, was surveyed.
Smoking rates among students were higher if someone else in the home was a smoker and lower if there were no other smokers in the home. Forty-eight percent of the students reported that their fathers smoked, while 46% reported mothers who smoked. In each of the areas knowledge, attitudes, and preventive efforts, elementary students scored highest and middle school students scored lowest. Attitude scores were higher if the mother or father was a nonsmoker, and nonsmokers scored higher than smokers on knowledge, attitudes, and preventive efforts. Students' preventive efforts were significantly predicted by their knowledge, attitudes, and gender, while their attitudes were in turn predicted by their knowledge, gender, school level, and smoking status and by the proportion of their friends who were smokers. Students' knowledge was significantly predicted by their gender and school level and by the proportion of their siblings who were smokers.
It is apparent that many of the African American students surveyed in this study experience significant exposure to ETS, particularly in the home. As is evident from the literature, this has implications for the long term health of these youngsters. Health education and promotion efforts should be directed not only toward the students themselves, but should also address the smoking behavior of parents and others in the home environment.
一项研究旨在调查底特律市密歇根州大市区内城市非裔美国儿童和青少年样本对环境烟草烟雾（ETS）暴露的知识、态度及预防措施。
对密歇根州底特律市大市区内一个城市公立学区5至12年级的675名学生进行了调查。
如果家中有其他人吸烟，学生的吸烟率较高；如果家中没有其他吸烟者，吸烟率则较低。48%的学生报告称他们的父亲吸烟，46%的学生报告称他们的母亲吸烟。在知识、态度和预防措施的各个方面，小学生得分最高，中学生得分最低。如果母亲或父亲不吸烟，态度得分较高，并且在知识、态度和预防措施方面，不吸烟者的得分高于吸烟者。学生的预防措施受到他们的知识、态度和性别的显著影响，而他们的态度又受到他们的知识、性别、学校年级、吸烟状况以及吸烟朋友的比例的影响。学生的知识受到他们的性别、学校年级以及吸烟兄弟姐妹的比例的显著影响。
显然，在这项研究中接受调查的许多非裔美国学生都大量接触到环境烟草烟雾，尤其是在家中。正如文献中所表明的，这对这些青少年的长期健康有影响。健康教育和促进工作不仅应针对学生本身，还应解决家庭环境中父母和其他人的吸烟行为问题。
