Botero J E, Meyer M W, Hurley S S, Rusch D H
Department of Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1996 Aug;31(2):225-31. doi: 10.1007/BF00212370.
We compared the seasonal concentrations of 12 organochlorine (OC) compounds in samples of breast muscle, associated skin, and subcutaneous fat of blue-winged teal (Anas discors) collected in Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Colombia (1987-1988), and of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and blue-winged teal collected in Wisconsin (1984-1989). Although these species have similar feeding habits and overlapping breeding distributions, their winter ranges differ markedly. Most blue-winged teal winter in the Neotropics, whereas most mallards remain in the temperate regions of North America. A seasonal comparison of OC exposure in these species may help determine the geographic origins of contamination. All examined OCs were found to be below concentrations known to affect reproduction in waterfowl. DDE was most often detected in blue-winged teal and PCBs, in mallards. DDE exposure may have predominantly occurred outside of Wisconsin. The DDE concentration in blue-winged teal samples collected in Wisconsin in the spring (GM=0.406 microg/g) were greater (P<0.001) than in the fall (GM=0. 033 microg/g) and greater than the concentrations in mallard samples from the spring (GM=0.058 microg/g; P<0.001). Ciénaga Grande, however, was not a source of DDE contamination. The DDE concentrations in blue-winged teal samples from Ciénaga Grande did not differ between the spring (GM=0.037 microg/g) and the fall (GM=0. 039 microg/g) and were lower (P<0.001) than the concentration in blue-winged teal samples from Wisconsin in the spring. In contrast, PCB contamination seemed to have occurred in Wisconsin and affected mostly mallards. PCBs were not detected in the samples from Colombia and were detected in only five (8.3%) of the blue-winged teal samples from Wisconsin (GM=0.025 microg/g), however, those compounds were detected in 47% of the mallard samples collected in Wisconsin (GM=0.272 microg/g). DDE and PCB concentrations were greater (P=0.0) in mallard samples collected from wetlands adjacent to Lake Michigan than in samples from inland wetlands.
我们比较了在哥伦比亚圣玛尔塔大沼泽地采集的蓝翅鸭（Anas discors）胸肌、相关皮肤和皮下脂肪样本中12种有机氯（OC）化合物的季节性浓度（1987 - 1988年），以及在威斯康星州采集的绿头鸭（Anas platyrhynchos）和蓝翅鸭样本中的浓度（1984 - 1989年）。尽管这些物种具有相似的食性和重叠的繁殖分布范围，但它们的冬季分布区域明显不同。大多数蓝翅鸭在新热带地区越冬，而大多数绿头鸭则留在北美温带地区。对这些物种中有机氯暴露情况进行季节性比较，可能有助于确定污染的地理来源。所有检测的有机氯浓度均低于已知会影响水禽繁殖的浓度。在蓝翅鸭中最常检测到滴滴伊（DDE），在绿头鸭中最常检测到多氯联苯（PCBs）。滴滴伊暴露可能主要发生在威斯康星州以外的地区。春季在威斯康星州采集的蓝翅鸭样本中滴滴伊浓度（几何均值GM = 0.406微克/克）高于秋季（GM = 0.033微克/克）（P < 0.001），且高于春季绿头鸭样本中的浓度（GM = 0.058微克/克；P < 0.001）。然而，圣玛尔塔大沼泽地并非滴滴伊污染的来源。来自圣玛尔塔大沼泽地的蓝翅鸭样本中，春季（GM = 0.037微克/克）和秋季（GM = 0.039微克/克）的滴滴伊浓度没有差异，且低于春季在威斯康星州采集的蓝翅鸭样本中的浓度（P < 0.001）。相比之下，多氯联苯污染似乎发生在威斯康星州，且主要影响绿头鸭。在来自哥伦比亚的样本中未检测到多氯联苯，在来自威斯康星州的蓝翅鸭样本中仅5个（8.3%）检测到多氯联苯（GM = 0.025微克/克），然而，在威斯康星州采集的绿头鸭样本中有47%检测到这些化合物（GM = 0.272微克/克）。从密歇根湖附近湿地采集的绿头鸭样本中滴滴伊和多氯联苯浓度高于内陆湿地样本（P = 0.0）。
