Spieker J O, Yuill T M, Burgess E C
Department of Veterinary Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA.
J Wildl Dis. 1996 Jul;32(3):453-60. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-32.3.453.
Susceptibility of New World waterfowl to the Lake Andes strain of duck plague virus (DPV) was assessed by intramuscular inoculation of adult muscovies (Cairina moschata), mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), Canada geese (Branta canadensis), wood ducks (Aix sponsa), redheads (Aythya americana), gadwalls (Anas strepera), blue-winged teal (Anas discors), and pintails (Anas acuta). The relative virulence of DPV strains isolated from five United States and one Canadian location was established in muscovies, mallards, and Canada geese. Differences in DPV strain virulence were detected by formation of plaques in cell culture. Two strains that consistently formed plaques killed adult mallards while non-plaque forming strains killed hatchling but not adult mallards. Based on mortality after exposure to the Lake Andes strain, blue-winged teal, then wood ducks and redheads were highly susceptible, muscovies and gadwalls moderately susceptible, mallards and Canada geese less susceptible, and pintails the least susceptible. Mean death times were significantly (P < 0.01) different between adult muscovies (4.5 days) versus mallards and Canada geese (5.8 days each). Mean death time of the virulent Lake Andes and Minnesota strains were shorter (P < 0.05) than for the other four, less virulent DPV strains. Four of the less virulent strains killed hatchling but not adult mallards. Susceptibility to mortality was dependent upon age and route of inoculation. The intramuscular route of inoculation required the least amount of virus to kill mallard and muscovy ducks, the intranasal and conjunctival routes required more virus, and the oral route the most virus. This study was conducted from 1974 to 1977 between the months of September and April, with the exception of two titrations conducted in early May at the University of Wisconsin Department of Veterinary Science and the Charmany research facility of the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
通过对成年疣鼻栖鸭（Cairina moschata）、绿头鸭（Anas platyrhynchos）、加拿大雁（Branta canadensis）、林鸳鸯（Aix sponsa）、红头潜鸭（Aythya americana）、赤膀鸭（Anas strepera）、蓝翅鸭（Anas discors）和针尾鸭（Anas acuta）进行肌肉注射，评估了新大陆水禽对安第斯湖鸭瘟病毒（DPV）毒株的易感性。在疣鼻栖鸭、绿头鸭和加拿大雁中确定了从美国五个地点和加拿大一个地点分离出的DPV毒株的相对毒力。通过在细胞培养中形成噬菌斑来检测DPV毒株毒力的差异。两种始终能形成噬菌斑的毒株可致成年绿头鸭死亡，而不能形成噬菌斑的毒株可致雏鸭死亡，但不能致成年绿头鸭死亡。根据接触安第斯湖毒株后的死亡率，蓝翅鸭、其次是林鸳鸯和红头潜鸭高度易感，疣鼻栖鸭和赤膀鸭中度易感，绿头鸭和加拿大雁较不易感，针尾鸭最不易感。成年疣鼻栖鸭（4.5天）与绿头鸭和加拿大雁（均为5.8天）的平均死亡时间存在显著差异（P < 0.01）。强毒的安第斯湖毒株和明尼苏达毒株的平均死亡时间比其他四种毒力较弱的DPV毒株短（P < 0.05）。四种毒力较弱的毒株可致雏鸭死亡，但不能致成年绿头鸭死亡。对死亡的易感性取决于年龄和接种途径。肌肉注射途径杀死绿头鸭和疣鼻栖鸭所需的病毒量最少，鼻内和结膜途径所需的病毒量更多，口服途径所需的病毒量最多。本研究于1974年至1977年9月至4月期间进行，威斯康星大学兽医学院和威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校查马尼研究设施于5月初进行的两次滴定除外。
