Cadossi R, Canè V
Department of Medical, Oncological and Radiological Sciences, University of Modena, Italy.
Osteoporos Int. 1996;6(3):196-206. doi: 10.1007/BF01622735.
Ultrasound (US) has been studied by several researchers to assess its possible use in screening for osteoporosis; among other sites the phalanxes have been proposed as a possible site for investigation with US. In the present experimental work we studied the morphostructural characteristics of the second phalanx of the pig; then, in vitro, we investigated the behaviour of an ultrasound signal at 1.25 MHz crossing the distal metaphysis of the second phalanx. In particular, we studied the effects of milling or drilling on US velocity, and on the energy and shape of the signal generated by the US at the receiving probe. We demonstrated that the US velocity decreases by an average of 496 m/s (-21%) when axial perforations are made in the central marrow. A decrease is also noted in the number of peaks, and the normalized energy of the US signal received falls on average by 11.3 mV microseconds (-84%). The characteristics of the signal at the receiving probe can be broadly reconstituted if, after extensive drilling, the bone cavity is filled with polymerized styrene resin. In contrast, if phalanx milling is performed to remove the outermost bone tissue, the normalized energy increases by 15.5 mV microseconds (+84%) and the velocity of US increases by 163 m/s (+7%). It was also noted that the complexity of the signal received (i.e. number of peaks) and the signal normalized energy depend on the integrity of the bone structures traversed. The results reported here provide useful indications for interpreting the findings of clinical investigations with US, most specifically those performed on the phalanx of the hand.
几位研究人员对超声（US）进行了研究，以评估其在骨质疏松症筛查中的潜在用途；除其他部位外，有人提出指骨可作为超声检查的一个可能部位。在本实验工作中，我们研究了猪第二指骨的形态结构特征；然后，在体外，我们研究了1.25MHz超声信号穿过第二指骨远端干骺端的行为。特别是，我们研究了铣削或钻孔对超声速度以及超声在接收探头处产生的信号能量和形状的影响。我们证明，当在中央骨髓进行轴向穿孔时，超声速度平均降低496m/s（-21%）。峰值数量也会减少，接收的超声信号的归一化能量平均下降11.3mV微秒（-84%）。如果在广泛钻孔后，用聚合苯乙烯树脂填充骨腔，则可以大致重构接收探头处信号的特征。相反，如果进行指骨铣削以去除最外层骨组织，归一化能量会增加15.5mV微秒（+84%），超声速度增加163m/s（+7%）。还注意到，接收信号的复杂性（即峰值数量）和信号归一化能量取决于所穿过骨结构的完整性。此处报告的结果为解释超声临床研究的结果提供了有用的指导，特别是对手指骨进行的研究。
