The effect of sublethal lead exposure on the ultrastructure and on the distribution of acid phosphatase activity in chloragocytes of earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta).

Laboratory experiments were conducted to study the effects of the exposure to a sublethal concentration (500 p.p.m.) of lead on the ultrastructure and acid phosphatase compartmentalization of the chloragogenous tissue of earthworms, Eisenia foetida. For the cytochemical demonstration of acid phosphatase activity, lead and cerium were used as capturing agents. In both cases there was a change in the compartmentalization of acid phosphatase, the enzyme activity being localized within the chloragosomes in controls, but distributed throughout the cytosol in treated animals. In addition, acid phosphatase activity increased following lead exposure. At the ultrastructural level, disruption of the chloragosomal membranes, an increase in chloragosomal fusion processes and vesiculation of the cytoplasm were evident. Moreover, an enhanced release of chloragosomes to the extracellular space was found in lead-exposed worms.