Taylor S F
University of Michigan Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, Ann Arbor 48109-0116, USA.
Schizophr Res. 1996 May;19(2-3):129-40. doi: 10.1016/0920-9964(95)00000-3.
This article reviews functional neuroimaging studies which measure task-specific changes in neuronal activity in schizophrenia, usually indexed by cerebral blood flow. Twenty-four published reports employing an activation strategy to study schizophrenia are reviewed. Eleven of these studies examined prefrontal function in schizophrenia, mostly with the Wisconsin Card Sort, and almost all have found some failure of the patients to demonstrate task-related increases in prefrontal blood flow. However, activation studies using simple sensory and motor tasks have also demonstrated abnormal activation, both as excessive and as deficient neuronal responses. A picture of a generally poor ability to organize brain activity emerges in schizophrenia. Dysfunction in a specific region, such as the prefrontal cortex, may indicate a primary functional lesion of the illness, or a salient feature of more widespread dysfunction of distributed and interactive brain networks. Progress in understanding will depend upon better knowledge of the functional neuroanatomy of the brain and the employment of neurobehavioral probes which can reliably assess a spectrum of brain networks which produce simple as well as complex function.
本文回顾了功能神经影像学研究，这些研究测量了精神分裂症患者神经元活动中特定任务的变化，通常以脑血流量为指标。本文对24篇采用激活策略研究精神分裂症的已发表报告进行了回顾。其中11项研究考察了精神分裂症患者的前额叶功能，主要使用威斯康星卡片分类测验，几乎所有研究都发现患者在任务相关的前额叶血流量增加方面存在某种障碍。然而，使用简单感觉和运动任务的激活研究也显示出异常激活，表现为神经元反应过度和不足。精神分裂症患者普遍存在组织脑活动能力较差的情况。特定区域（如前额叶皮质）的功能障碍可能表明该疾病的原发性功能损害，或者是分布广泛且相互作用的脑网络更广泛功能障碍的显著特征。对精神分裂症的理解进展将取决于对脑功能神经解剖学的更深入了解，以及使用能够可靠评估产生简单和复杂功能的一系列脑网络的神经行为探针。
