Altered hemoglobin-oxygen affinity with long-term propranolol therapy in patients with coronary artery disease.

Pharmacologic agents that alter hemoglobin affinity for oxygen may affect systemic or myocardial oxygen delivery. In vitro, and in normal man propranolol shifts the oxyhemoglobin equilibrium curve to the right, thus increasing the partial pressure of oxygen at which hemoglobin is 50% saturated (P50) and enhancing oxygen delivery. The effect of propranolol on hemoglobin P50 was evaluated in 12 patients with angina pectoris and documented coronary artery disease. Determinations were made during oral propranolol therapy (mean daily dose 152 mg) of at least 3 months' duration and after administration of propranolol had been discontinued for at least 4 days. Hemoglobin P50 and erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) were measured. Data in 12 patients were: the mean P50 after discontinuation of propranolol was 28.2 mm Hg+/-0.9 (standard error of the mean) and during propranolol therapy 31.7+/-0.7; P less than 0.001; red blood cell 2,3-DPG did not change to explain the increase in P50. This demonstrated shift could increase systemic oxygen delivery and thus benefit marginally perfused myocardium while sparing coronary flow. Propranolol, in addition to its negative chronotropic and inotropic effects, may increase tissue oxygen delivery in patients with the anginal syndrome.