Carn V M
Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Woking, Surrey, UK.
Br Vet J. 1996 Jul;152(4):377-93. doi: 10.1016/s0007-1935(96)80033-9.
Animals viruses may be transmitted by arthropods in two ways, either biologically or mechanically. Many different species of Diptera are implicated in mechanical transmission, but haematophagous species are the most important. The insects become contaminated with virus during normal feeding behaviour, and virus persists on their mouthparts or body until the next feed. Some viruses are inactivated rapidly on mouthparts, whereas others survive for many days or weeks, prolonging the potential period of transmission. Some viruses produce high titres in the skin of the infected vertebrate host, which facilitates transmission, whereas other viruses are transmitted even during relatively low levels of viraemia. Mechanical transmission by arthropods is important in the epidemiology of many animal diseases, and may be the major mode of horizontal transmission. In other instances vector spread is merely incidental.
动物病毒可通过节肢动物以两种方式传播，即生物性传播或机械性传播。许多不同种类的双翅目昆虫参与机械性传播，但吸血种类最为重要。昆虫在正常取食行为过程中被病毒污染，病毒在其口器或身体上持续存在，直到下次取食。一些病毒在口器上迅速失活，而其他病毒可存活数天或数周，从而延长了潜在的传播期。一些病毒在受感染脊椎动物宿主的皮肤中产生高滴度病毒，这有利于传播，而其他病毒即使在病毒血症水平相对较低时也可传播。节肢动物的机械性传播在许多动物疾病的流行病学中很重要，可能是水平传播的主要方式。在其他情况下，媒介传播仅仅是偶然的。
