Kokotailo P K, Henry B C, Koscik R E, Fleming M F, Landry G L
Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53792, USA.
Clin J Sport Med. 1996 Jul;6(3):183-9. doi: 10.1097/00042752-199607000-00008.
To (a) determine the prevalence of alcohol and other drug use, and health risk behaviors among a general university population; and (b) compare health risk-taking behaviors between genders, and varsity athletes and their non-athlete peers.
Descriptive survey of multiple health risk behaviors, including physical, mental health, alcohol and other drug, and sexual risk taking.
Two large midwestern universities.
A convenience sample of 86% of 1,210 eligible students (271 athletes and 775 nonathlete peers) completed a self-administered, anonymous questionnaire during team meetings or class sessions.
None.
Differences between gender and athlete status were assessed using Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel statistics for the following variables, determined by questionnaire responses: physical risk, mental health, alcohol and other drug use, and sexual behaviors.
Common risk behaviors in the entire collegiate sample included riding in a car with a driver who was under the influence of alcohol, driving and swimming under the influence of alcohol, binge drinking, and low rate of condom use for all types of sexual intercourse. Risk-taking behaviors varied by gender, with men showing more risk behaviors than women, except for suicide and sexual behaviors. Male athletes had a higher prevalence of risk behaviors than their male nonathlete counterparts, in contrast to female athletes, who had fewer risk behaviors than their female nonathlete counterparts.
In contrast to previous studies, results of the present study show, when results are stratified by gender, that not all athletes engage more frequently than nonathletes in high risk behaviors. Results suggest that educational and early intervention strategies to decrease risk may need to be tailored according to gender and athletic status.
(a) 确定普通大学生群体中酒精和其他药物使用情况以及健康风险行为；(b) 比较不同性别、大学生运动员及其非运动员同龄人之间的健康冒险行为。
对多种健康风险行为进行描述性调查，包括身体、心理健康、酒精和其他药物以及性冒险行为。
中西部的两所大型大学。
从1210名符合条件的学生中抽取了86%的便利样本（271名运动员和775名非运动员同龄人），他们在团队会议或课堂上完成了一份自我管理的匿名问卷。
无。
使用 Cochr an - Mantel - Haenszel 统计方法评估以下变量在性别和运动员身份方面的差异，这些变量由问卷回答确定：身体风险、心理健康、酒精和其他药物使用以及性行为。
整个大学样本中的常见风险行为包括乘坐受酒精影响的司机驾驶的汽车、在酒精影响下驾驶和游泳、狂饮以及各类性行为中避孕套使用率低。冒险行为因性别而异，除自杀和性行为外，男性表现出的风险行为多于女性。与男性非运动员同龄人相比，男性运动员的风险行为患病率更高，而女性运动员的风险行为则少于女性非运动员同龄人。
与先前的研究不同，本研究结果表明，按性别分层时，并非所有运动员比非运动员更频繁地参与高风险行为。结果表明，可能需要根据性别和运动状态制定降低风险的教育和早期干预策略。
