Sundquist J, Bajekal M, Jarman B, Johansson S E
Department of Community Health Sciences Dalby/Lund, University of Lund, Sweden.
Scand J Prim Health Care. 1996 Jun;14(2):79-85. doi: 10.3109/02813439608997075.
To analyse the relation of ethnicity, social deprivation (Underprivileged area, UPA-score), social class V, unemployment and overcrowding on age- and sex-standardized mortality ratio (SMR).
This ecological study used the SMR for people under the age of 65 years as dependent variable. Mortality data for 1983, classified by total population of country of birth (New Commonwealth and Pakistan), unskilled (social class V), unemployed, and overcrowded (>1/room) population with data from 1981 censuses. Underprivileged Area (UPA) score was applied in this study, an index widely used in the UK to identify underprivileged residential areas, calculated from information combining eight variables derived from the decennial census. The data were analysed by multiple regression (least square estimation) with SMR as dependent variable and the other social factors as independent variables.
All 192 district health authorities in England and Wales.
There was a significant association between UPA-score and SMR (R-square = 0.53, p = 0.0001). The second model included the four variables: % unskilled, % unemployed of economically active population, % of residents living in overcrowded households, and % of population from New Commonwealth and Pakistan. This model explained about 77% of the variance. All variables were significant. All coefficients except ethnicity were positive, i.e. the higher the coefficients, the higher the SMR.
This paper shows that social deprivation, unemployment and overcrowding were related to mortality in district health authorities in England and Wales. The finding that ethnicity was inversely related to general mortality might be important and needs to be further analysed.
分析种族、社会剥夺（贫困地区，UPA评分）、社会阶层V、失业和过度拥挤与年龄和性别标准化死亡率（SMR）之间的关系。
本生态研究将65岁以下人群的SMR作为因变量。1983年的死亡率数据按出生国总人口（新英联邦和巴基斯坦）、非技术工人（社会阶层V）、失业者以及过度拥挤（>1/间房）人群进行分类，并结合1981年人口普查数据。本研究采用了贫困地区（UPA）评分，这是一个在英国广泛用于识别贫困居民区的指数，由从十年一次的人口普查中得出的八个变量组合信息计算得出。以SMR作为因变量，其他社会因素作为自变量，通过多元回归（最小二乘法估计）对数据进行分析。
英格兰和威尔士的所有192个地区卫生当局。
UPA评分与SMR之间存在显著关联（R方 = 0.53，p = 0.0001）。第二个模型纳入了四个变量：非技术工人百分比、经济活动人口中的失业百分比、居住在过度拥挤家庭中的居民百分比以及来自新英联邦和巴基斯坦的人口百分比。该模型解释了约77%的方差。所有变量均具有显著性。除种族外，所有系数均为正数，即系数越高，SMR越高。
本文表明，社会剥夺、失业和过度拥挤与英格兰和威尔士地区卫生当局的死亡率相关。种族与总体死亡率呈负相关这一发现可能很重要，需要进一步分析。
