Thornton M J, Kato S, Hibberts N A, Brinklow B R, Loudon A S, Randall V A
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom.
J Exp Zool. 1996 Aug 15;275(6):452-8. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-010X(19960815)275:6<452::AID-JEZ7>3.0.CO;2-N.
Red deer stags annually grow two distinct seasonal coats, a winter coat and a summer coat; in addition, they produce a mane during the breeding season when plasma testosterone levels are high, which is replaced by the short neck hairs of the summer coat when testosterone levels are low. As two very different hair types are produced from the same follicle under hormonal regulation, they offer an interesting model for studying the effects of hormones, particularly androgens, on mammalian hair growth. Since the dermal papilla of the hair follicle has a regulatory function and is probably the site of androgen action, we have investigated whether cells from the dermal papilla can be readily cultured from various types of red deer follicles; as the follicular connective tissue sheath may regenerate a new papilla in vivo, this was also examined. Individual dermal papillae and lower portions of the connective tissue sheath were microdissected from mane and flank follicles of red deer stags during the winter breeding season and from the summer coat during the nonbreeding season. Primary cultures were established from isolated dermal papillae, connective tissue sheath and dermal explants, subcultured and reestablished after freezing. Deer dermal papilla cells resembled sheep cells; they displayed a polygonal shape and irregular organisation, but did not form aggregates in contrast to human and rat vibrissa cells. Connective tissue sheath cell morphology was intermediate between that of dermal papilla cells and dermal fibroblasts. However, all three cell types derived during the breeding season grew at a much faster rate than the same cells derived during the nonbreeding season. Therefore, primary cell lines can be fairly readily derived from deer hair follicles. Since the red deer stag offers both androgen-dependent neck (mane) and control flank follicles in the breeding season, plus control nonbreeding season neck follicles, this means that stag follicular cells, particularly the dermal papilla cells, appear to offer a unique novel model system for the study of the hormonal regulation of hair growth.
成年雄性马鹿每年会长出两种截然不同的季节性毛发，一种是冬毛，一种是夏毛；此外，在繁殖季节，当血浆睾酮水平较高时，它们会长出鬃毛，而当睾酮水平较低时，鬃毛会被夏毛的短颈毛所取代。由于在激素调节下，同一毛囊会产生两种截然不同的毛发类型，它们为研究激素，特别是雄激素对哺乳动物毛发生长的影响提供了一个有趣的模型。由于毛囊的真皮乳头具有调节功能，且可能是雄激素作用的部位，我们研究了是否可以从各种类型的马鹿毛囊中轻松培养出真皮乳头细胞；由于毛囊结缔组织鞘在体内可能会再生出新的乳头，因此也对此进行了研究。在冬季繁殖季节，从成年雄性马鹿的鬃毛和胁腹毛囊中，以及在非繁殖季节从夏毛中，显微解剖出单个真皮乳头和结缔组织鞘的下部。从分离出的真皮乳头、结缔组织鞘和皮肤外植体建立原代培养物，冷冻后进行传代培养和重新建立。马鹿真皮乳头细胞与绵羊细胞相似；它们呈多边形，排列不规则，但与人类和大鼠的触须细胞不同，不会形成聚集体。结缔组织鞘细胞的形态介于真皮乳头细胞和成纤维细胞之间。然而，在繁殖季节获得的所有三种细胞类型的生长速度都比在非繁殖季节获得的相同细胞快得多。因此，可以相当容易地从马鹿毛囊中获得原代细胞系。由于成年雄性马鹿在繁殖季节既有雄激素依赖的颈部（鬃毛）毛囊和对照胁腹毛囊，又有对照非繁殖季节的颈部毛囊，这意味着马鹿毛囊细胞，特别是真皮乳头细胞，似乎为研究毛发生长的激素调节提供了一个独特的新型模型系统。
