Randall V A, Thornton M J, Messenger A G, Hibberts N A, Loudon A S, Brinklow B R
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bradford, U.K.
J Invest Dermatol. 1993 Jul;101(1 Suppl):114S-120S. doi: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12363039.
Many hair follicles produce different types of hair in response to environmental changes or the mammals age, that are translated to the follicle by hormones. Androgens cause many changes, such as transforming vellus follicles producing insignificant hairs on the face to terminal beard ones at puberty or the reverse on the scalp. In male red deer the breeding season rise in androgens causes the annual production of a mane on the neck that is lost during the spring. Because the dermal papilla situated at the base of the hair follicle is important in determining the type of hair produced, androgens may act via the dermal papilla. Therefore, primary cell lines of dermal papilla cells from human and red deer follicles with different responses to androgens have been established. Specific saturable androgen receptors were present in all human papilla cells examined, with higher levels in cells from androgen-dependent follicles, e.g., beard than in control, non-balding scalp cells. In preliminary investigations of red deer, androgen receptors were only present in cells derived from mane follicles and were undetectable in flank or spring neck follicles. These similar results from both species support the hypothesis that androgens are acting on hair follicles via the dermal papilla. They also suggest that dermal papilla cells are potentially useful models for investigating the mechanism of androgen action because cultured cells appear to retain differences that relate to the androgen responsiveness of their parent follicle. The red deer seems particularly interesting in view of the much shorter hair-growth cycle than human scalp or beard follicles.
许多毛囊会根据环境变化或哺乳动物的年龄产生不同类型的毛发，这些变化是由激素传递到毛囊的。雄激素会引发许多变化，比如在青春期将面部产生细软毛发的毳毛毛囊转变为终毛毛囊，或者在头皮上发生相反的变化。在雄性马鹿中，繁殖季节雄激素水平的升高会导致颈部每年长出鬃毛，而在春季鬃毛会脱落。由于位于毛囊底部的真皮乳头在决定所产生毛发的类型方面很重要，雄激素可能通过真皮乳头起作用。因此，已经建立了来自人类和马鹿毛囊、对雄激素有不同反应的真皮乳头细胞原代细胞系。在所检测的所有人类乳头细胞中都存在特异性可饱和雄激素受体，雄激素依赖性毛囊（如胡须毛囊）来源的细胞中的受体水平高于对照的非秃头皮细胞。在对马鹿的初步研究中，雄激素受体仅存在于来自鬃毛毛囊的细胞中，而在胁腹或春季颈部毛囊中无法检测到。这两个物种的这些相似结果支持了雄激素通过真皮乳头作用于毛囊的假说。它们还表明，真皮乳头细胞可能是研究雄激素作用机制的有用模型，因为培养的细胞似乎保留了与其亲代毛囊的雄激素反应性相关的差异。鉴于马鹿的毛发生长周期比人类头皮或胡须毛囊短得多，马鹿似乎特别有趣。
