Carrier J, Monk T H, Buysse D J, Kupfer D J
Sleep and Chronobiology Center, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
J Sleep Res. 1996 Jun;5(2):99-105. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2869.1996.00015.x.
The aim of this experiment was to study the effects on sleep and temperature rhythms of a 6-hour (h) phase advance of the sleep/wake cycle in healthy elderly subjects. Twenty-five subjects (77-91 y.o.) lived in a time-isolation apartment on an experimenter-controlled routine for 15 days. The experiment started with five baseline days. The wake time on the 6th night was phase advanced by 6-h and the routine for the remaining nine days was held constant to the new phase position. After the phase shift, temperature circadian rhythms showed rapid phase adjustment leading to a small (1.1 h) phase angle disturbance. Sleep efficiency decreased and showed little evidence of recovery back to baseline following the phase shift. The amount of wakefulness in the first two hours of sleep increased after the phase shift while no effect was found for the amount of wakefulness in the last two hours of sleep. The 6-h phase shift did not change the percentages of REM and SWS. Early night sleep propensity appeared to be very sensitive to a small phase angle disturbance of the circadian oscillator in this healthy elderly sample. The phase angle disturbance induced in this study did not seem to be large enough to have a systematic effect on sleep propensity at the end of the night or on REM sleep parameters, suggesting that these variables are less sensitive to an altered phase relationship with the circadian oscillator than early night sleep propensity. These results indicate that there might be a variable phase tolerance for different sleep parameters in older subjects.
本实验的目的是研究在健康老年受试者中，睡眠/清醒周期提前6小时对睡眠和体温节律的影响。25名受试者（77 - 91岁）在一个由实验者控制日常安排的时间隔离公寓里生活了15天。实验开始时有5天的基线期。第6晚的起床时间提前了6小时，在接下来的9天里，日常安排保持在新的相位位置不变。相位转移后，体温昼夜节律显示出快速的相位调整，导致了一个小的（1.1小时）相位角干扰。睡眠效率下降，且在相位转移后几乎没有恢复到基线水平的迹象。相位转移后，睡眠前两小时的清醒时间增加，而睡眠最后两小时的清醒时间则没有变化。6小时的相位转移并没有改变快速眼动睡眠（REM）和慢波睡眠（SWS）的比例。在这个健康的老年样本中，早睡倾向似乎对昼夜节律振荡器的小相位角干扰非常敏感。本研究中诱导的相位角干扰似乎不够大，不足以对夜间末期的睡眠倾向或REM睡眠参数产生系统性影响，这表明这些变量对与昼夜节律振荡器相位关系改变的敏感性低于早睡倾向。这些结果表明，老年受试者不同睡眠参数的相位耐受性可能存在差异。
