Mannino D M, Siegel M, Husten C, Rose D, Etzel R
Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3724, USA.
Tob Control. 1996 Spring;5(1):13-8. doi: 10.1136/tc.5.1.13.
To determine the effect of environmental tobacco smoke exposure on the health of children in the United States.
Cross-sectional study of children who participated in the 1991 National Health Interview Survey.
17448 children residing in the United States.
Rates of respiratory illnesses and all illnesses, and the morbidity due to these illnesses, in children exposed to environmental tobacco smoke in the home daily compared with those in children not exposed in the home. Our analyses controlled for age, socioeconomic status, race, family size, sex, season, and region of the country.
Children who were exposed to environmental tobacco smoke had a higher incidence of acute respiratory illnesses (relative risk (RR) = 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.95 to 1.26) and all chronic respiratory diseases (RR = 1.28, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.65) than children who were not exposed, although both CIs included unity, and chance cannot be ruled out as being responsible for these findings. Children who were exposed to environmental tobacco smoke had, on average, 1.87 more days of restricted activity (95% CI 0.20 to 3.54), 1.06 more days of bed confinement (95% CI 0.20 to 1.92), and 1.45 more days of school absence (95% CI 0.40 to 2.50) per year than children who were not exposed.
Environmental tobacco smoke exposure in the home, which is completely preventable, is an important predictor of increased morbidity in children.
确定接触环境烟草烟雾对美国儿童健康的影响。
对参与1991年全国健康访谈调查的儿童进行横断面研究。
居住在美国的17448名儿童。
与家中未接触环境烟草烟雾的儿童相比，家中每日接触环境烟草烟雾的儿童的呼吸道疾病和所有疾病的发病率，以及这些疾病导致的发病率。我们的分析控制了年龄、社会经济地位、种族、家庭规模、性别、季节和国家地区。
与未接触环境烟草烟雾的儿童相比，接触环境烟草烟雾的儿童急性呼吸道疾病（相对风险（RR）=1.10，95%置信区间（CI）0.95至1.26）和所有慢性呼吸道疾病（RR = 1.28，95%CI 0.99至1.65）的发病率更高，尽管两个置信区间都包含1，且不能排除这些结果是由偶然因素导致的可能性。与未接触环境烟草烟雾的儿童相比，接触环境烟草烟雾的儿童平均每年的活动受限天数多1.87天（95%CI 0.20至3.54），卧床天数多1.06天（95%CI 0.20至1.92），缺课天数多1.45天（95%CI 0.40至2.50）。
家中接触环境烟草烟雾是完全可以预防的，是儿童发病率增加的重要预测因素。
