Fagerström K O, Kunze M, Schoberberger R, Breslau N, Hughes J R, Hurt R D, Puska P, Ramström L, Zatoński W
Pharmacia Consumer Pharma, Research Laboratories, Helsingborg, Sweden.
Tob Control. 1996 Spring;5(1):52-6. doi: 10.1136/tc.5.1.52.
To collect available international data on nicotine dependence as defined by the Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence, and to compare levels of dependence among countries and categories of smokers.
Published and unpublished studies known to the authors and a search of EMBASE from 1985-1995.
Studies included were those based on a nationally representative sample of a country's population, or a sample of smokers seeking cessation assistance.
Smokers who seek help in stopping smoking are much more dependent than the average smoker. Men consistently score higher on dependence than women. Ex-smokers appear to have lower dependence than current smokers. A country with low smoking prevalence, the United States, seems to have smokers with higher dependence scores than countries where smoking is more prevalent (such as Austria and Poland).
Successful tobacco control may result in a higher dependence among the remaining smokers (due to selective quitting by low-dependent smokers). The remaining highly dependent smokers may need more intensive treatment.
收集有关尼古丁依赖的现有国际数据（依据尼古丁依赖的法格斯特龙测试定义），并比较不同国家以及不同类别的吸烟者之间的依赖程度。
作者所知的已发表和未发表的研究，以及1985年至1995年对EMBASE数据库的检索。
纳入的研究基于一个国家具有全国代表性的人口样本，或寻求戒烟帮助的吸烟者样本。
寻求戒烟帮助的吸烟者比普通吸烟者的烟瘾大得多。男性在依赖程度上的得分一直高于女性。已戒烟者的依赖程度似乎低于当前吸烟者。吸烟率较低的美国，其吸烟者的依赖得分似乎高于吸烟率较高的国家（如奥地利和波兰）。
成功的烟草控制可能导致剩余吸烟者的依赖程度更高（由于低依赖吸烟者选择性戒烟）。剩余的高度依赖吸烟者可能需要更强化的治疗。
