香料接触性皮炎：一项全球多中心调查（第一部分）。

Larsen W, Nakayama H, Lindberg M, Fischer T, Elsner P, Burrows D, Jordan W, Shaw S, Wilkinson J, Marks J, Sugawara M, Nethercott J

Portland Dermatology Clinic, OR, USA.

Am J Contact Dermat. 1996 Jun;7(2):77-83.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of responses to selected fragrance materials in patients with suspect fragrance allergy and to evaluate risk factors and associations with such responses. The validity of using specific fragrance ingredients versus a mixture of fragrances was evaluated in terms of predicting allergy to different fragrance ingredients.

METHODS

One hundred sixty-seven subjects were evaluated in seven centers worldwide with a fragrance mix, the eight ingredients in the fragrance mixture, six other well-known fragrance allergens, balsam of Peru, and 15 lesser studied fragrance materials.

RESULTS

The age of the patients was 44.9 +/- 17.5 years (mean +/- SD). More than 85% were women. A relatively high proportion gave a past history of atopic disease. Facial eruptions (40%) and hand involvement (26.7%) were the most common topographic sites. All but 4 of the 35 fragrance materials produced a positive response in > 1%. A reaction to fragrance mix occurred in 47.3%. Seven of the 34 ingredients tested produced an allergic response in more than 10% of those tested. Men were more likely than women to exhibit a positive response to five fragrance ingredients. White persons were more likely to react to perfume mix (52.8% versus 25.3%) and certain ingredients in the mix than Asian persons. Allergy to benzyl salicylate was more common in Japan than in Europe or the United States.

CONCLUSION

The age at which patients with perfume allergy present for evaluation is similar to that of other contactants. Atopic individuals may be overrepresented in this group of patients. Face involvement is likely. White persons are more likely to react to fragrance mix, whereas in Asian patients benzyl salicylate was a more frequent allergen. Fragrance mix corrected with 85.6% of positive responses to fragrance ingredients. The addition of ylang ylang oil, narcissus oil, and sandalwood oil to fragrance mix would be expected to pick up 94.2% with positive responses to fragrance materials; adding balsam of Peru increases this to 96%.

目的

本研究旨在确定疑似香料过敏患者对选定香料成分的反应发生率，并评估危险因素以及与这些反应的关联。在预测对不同香料成分的过敏方面，评估了使用特定香料成分与香料混合物的有效性。

方法

在全球七个中心对167名受试者进行了评估，使用了一种香料混合物、香料混合物中的八种成分、其他六种知名香料过敏原、秘鲁香脂以及15种研究较少的香料成分。

结果

患者年龄为44.9±17.5岁（均值±标准差）。超过85%为女性。有特应性疾病既往史的比例相对较高。面部皮疹（40%）和手部受累（26.7%）是最常见的发病部位。35种香料成分中除4种外，其余成分的阳性反应发生率均>1%。对香料混合物的反应发生率为47.3%。所测试的34种成分中有7种在超过10%的受试对象中产生了过敏反应。男性对五种香料成分出现阳性反应的可能性高于女性。白人比亚洲人更易对香水混合物（52.8%对25.3%）及混合物中的某些成分产生反应。对水杨酸苄酯的过敏在日本比在欧洲或美国更常见。

结论

香水过敏患者前来评估的年龄与其他接触性皮炎患者相似。这组患者中特应性个体可能占比过高。面部受累很可能出现。白人对香料混合物的反应可能性更大，而在亚洲患者中，水杨酸苄酯是更常见的过敏原。香料混合物可校正85.6%的香料成分阳性反应。在香料混合物中添加依兰油、水仙油和檀香油，预计可检出94.2%的香料成分阳性反应；添加秘鲁香脂后，这一比例增至96%。