Shadbolt B
Public Health Division, Department of Health and Community Care, Canberra.
Aust N Z J Public Health. 1996 Apr;20(2):172-80. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-6405.1996.tb01813.x.
This study aimed to demonstrate the importance of early adulthood social-role participation in determining the health of women over the life course. It used Australian Family Project data from a nationally representative proportional stratified sample of 1-in-1000 women aged between 20 and 59 years in 1986-87 (n = 1678); and data from a follow-up survey conducted in 1990 using project participants who were living in Sydney at the time of the baseline (n = 291). Social-role participation was measured over each participant's life using retrospective histories of employment, marital status and parental status. Validity and reliability tests supported the use of these histories. Health was measured by retrospective accounts of serious chronic disease onset and indicators of self-rated health. After considering a broad range of confounders, early adulthood social-role careers were found to vary significantly in their risk of serious chronic disease and levels of self-rated health. These findings suggest that the influence of society's social structures on health for women goes beyond causes related to conventional socioeconomic differentials or arbitrary periods of social-role participation. The nature of the associations are complex and dynamic, involving both the mixture and timing of social events and transitions. This conclusion supports a life-course approach in which social careers are perceived as cumulative, providing women with lessons, liabilities and resources that influence the way they age and meet the realities of life.
本研究旨在证明成年早期社会角色参与在决定女性一生健康方面的重要性。它使用了澳大利亚家庭项目的数据，该数据来自1986 - 1987年全国代表性的比例分层样本，即每1000名年龄在20至59岁之间的女性中抽取1名（n = 1678）；以及1990年进行的一项后续调查的数据，该调查使用了基线调查时居住在悉尼的项目参与者（n = 291）。社会角色参与是通过回顾每位参与者一生的就业、婚姻状况和父母身份历史来衡量的。效度和信度测试支持了这些历史记录的使用。健康状况是通过回顾严重慢性病发病情况和自我评估健康指标来衡量的。在考虑了广泛的混杂因素后，发现成年早期的社会角色经历在严重慢性病风险和自我评估健康水平方面存在显著差异。这些发现表明，社会结构对女性健康的影响超出了与传统社会经济差异或社会角色参与的任意时期相关的原因。关联的性质是复杂且动态的，涉及社会事件和转变的混合与时机。这一结论支持了一种生命历程方法，即社会经历被视为累积性的，为女性提供了影响她们衰老方式和应对生活现实的经验、负担和资源。
