Goodwin D W, Schulsinger F, Knop J, Mednick S, Guze S B
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1977 Jul;34(7):751-5. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1977.01770190013001.
Forty-nine daughters of alcoholics were compared to 47 daughters of nonalcholics; both groups of women (average age, 35 years) had been adopted by nonrelatives early in life. Two women in each group were alcoholic or problem drinkers. Although this is above the expected rate of alcoholism among women, the numbers are too small to draw definite conclusions. Almost all were light drinkers. Daughters of alcoholics had no more depression than controls, indicating that alcoholism in the biological parents did not increase the risk of depression in daughters raised by foster parents. Environmental factors may be important in both alcoholism and depression in women, since both tended to be correlated with psychopathology in the foster parents.
将49名酗酒者的女儿与47名非酗酒者的女儿进行了比较；两组女性（平均年龄35岁）在幼年时均被非亲属收养。每组中有两名女性酗酒或有饮酒问题。尽管这一比例高于女性酗酒的预期发生率，但样本数量过少，无法得出明确结论。几乎所有人都是轻度饮酒者。酗酒者的女儿与对照组相比，抑郁症发病率并没有更高，这表明亲生父母酗酒并不会增加由养父母抚养长大的女儿患抑郁症的风险。环境因素在女性酗酒和抑郁症中可能都很重要，因为这两者都与养父母的精神病理学有关。
