Cloninger C R, Bohman M, Sigvardsson S, von Knorring A L
Recent Dev Alcohol. 1985;3:37-51. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-7715-7_4.
The inheritance of alcohol abuse and other psychopathology was studied in 862 men and 913 women adopted by nonrelatives at an early age in Sweden. Both male and female adoptees had a greater risk of alcohol abuse if their biologic, but not adoptive, parents were alcoholic. We distinguished two types of alcoholism that have distinct genetic and environmental causes and that differ in frequency of alcohol abuse and somatoform disorders in women. The combination of both genetic and environmental risk factors is required for development of alcoholism in the most common type. In contrast, in families with the less common type of susceptibility, alcohol abuse is highly heritable in the men, but the women have multiple somatic complaints without alcohol abuse. The implications of these findings of genetic heterogeneity and gene-environment interaction are discussed in relation to research, prevention, and treatment.
对瑞典862名男性和913名女性进行了研究，这些人在幼年时被非亲属收养，研究内容为酒精滥用及其他精神病理学的遗传情况。如果亲生父母（而非养父母）是酗酒者，那么男性和女性被收养者都有更高的酒精滥用风险。我们区分了两种酗酒类型，它们有不同的遗传和环境成因，在女性中酒精滥用和躯体形式障碍的发生率也有所不同。在最常见的类型中，酗酒的发展需要遗传和环境风险因素的共同作用。相比之下，在易感性较低的不常见类型的家庭中，男性的酒精滥用具有高度遗传性，但女性有多种躯体不适症状却没有酒精滥用问题。本文结合研究、预防和治疗对这些遗传异质性和基因-环境相互作用的研究结果的意义进行了讨论。
