Timoney P J
Department of Veterinary Science, Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546-0099, USA.
Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 1996 Jun;19(3):205-11. doi: 10.1016/0147-9571(96)00006-9.
A highly contagious virus infection of horses, influenza is the single most important equine respiratory disease in many countries. Two subtypes of equine influenza virus have been identified, A/equine-1 and A/equine-2, neither of which immunologically cross-reacts. In the case of A/equine-2 virus, two lineages exist, American and European, which appear to have evolved independently of one another. The acute febrile respiratory disease characteristic of influenza is frequently complicated by secondary bacterial infection, especially in unvaccinated horses. Primarily a respiratory-borne infection, influenza has been spread to a significant number of countries through the international movement of horses. Strains of A/equine-2 virus have been responsible for all known outbreaks of the disease since 1980. Simple rapid procedures are now available for the diagnosis of equine influenza. Prevention and control of influenza is based on frequent use of inactivated, adjuvanted vaccines, which confer only incomplete and short-term protection against this disease. To be maximally effective, vaccines need to be periodically updated and include influenza virus strains closely related to those in current circulation.
流感是一种马的高传染性病毒感染，在许多国家是最重要的单一马类呼吸道疾病。已鉴定出马流感病毒的两个亚型，A/equine-1和A/equine-2，它们在免疫方面没有交叉反应。就A/equine-2病毒而言，存在两个谱系，美国谱系和欧洲谱系，它们似乎是独立进化的。流感的急性发热性呼吸道疾病特征常常因继发细菌感染而复杂化，尤其是在未接种疫苗的马匹中。流感主要通过空气传播，通过马匹的国际流动已传播到许多国家。自1980年以来，所有已知的该疾病暴发均由A/equine-2病毒株引起。现在有简单快速的程序可用于诊断马流感。流感的预防和控制基于频繁使用灭活的、含佐剂的疫苗，这些疫苗对该疾病仅提供不完全和短期的保护。为了达到最大效果，疫苗需要定期更新，并包括与当前流行毒株密切相关的流感病毒株。
