Paikin H
Psykiatrisk afdeling P, psykoterapeutisk klinik, Amtssygehuseti Glostrup.
Ugeskr Laeger. 1996 Aug 26;158(35):4889-93.
This paper outlines five different forms of dialogue, which are often confused: A conversation is a conventional and not formalized dialogue between two persons on equal terms, both talking and listening to each other. An interview is a formalized (perhaps schematic) exploration with the specific aim of assessing the interviewee. A counselling and/or a consultation does not interfere with the traditional doctor-patient relationship. Counselling can be an independent profession focusing on delimited problem areas. Psychotherapy is- or should be-qualified, specific and systematic, i.e. the application of a psychological theory with the specific aim of treating a psychological disorder/disease. The therapist is in a well-defined professional role. The dialogue is subject to the primary therapeutic goal. Psychoanalysis is research of the unconscious in particular, as well as a special kind of psychological treatment. The dialogue is specifically accommodated to the psychoanalytic process.
对话是两个人在平等基础上进行的常规且非形式化的交流，双方相互交谈和倾听。访谈是一种形式化（或许是模式化）的探究，其特定目的是评估被访谈者。咨询和/或会诊并不干扰传统的医患关系。咨询可以是专注于特定问题领域的独立职业。心理治疗是——或者应该是——有资质的、特定的和系统的，即应用一种心理学理论以治疗心理障碍/疾病为特定目的。治疗师处于明确界定的专业角色。对话从属于主要治疗目标。精神分析尤其注重对无意识的研究，也是一种特殊的心理治疗。对话是专门为精神分析过程而设定的。
