Megestrol acetate in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.

AIMS AND BACKGROUND

No consolidated medical treatment has yet been established for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A possible interference of hormones in the pathogenesis and cellular growth of HCC has been suggested.

METHODS

To evaluate the activity and tolerance of progestins in HCC, patients were treated with megestrol acetate orally at a dose of 160 mg daily until progression of disease or grade III-IV toxicity was observed.

RESULTS

Eleven patients entered the study and were assessable for response and side effects. Median duration of treatment was 80 days (range 60-150). No major responses were observed, 4 patients had stabilization of disease for at least 2 months, and 7 had progressive disease. Median time to disease progression was 3 months (range 2-5). Three patients required interruption of treatment because of toxicity (2 patients had worsening of concomitant diabetes and 1 patient had gastric bleeding).

CONCLUSIONS

The results of the present study suggest that hormone therapy with megestrol acetate has no significant role in HCC.