Antonini James M, Stone Sam, Roberts Jenny R, Chen Bean, Schwegler-Berry Diane, Afshari Aliakbar A, Frazer David G
Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Mailstop 2015, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2007 Sep 15;223(3):234-45. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2007.06.020. Epub 2007 Jul 6.
Many welders have experienced bronchitis, metal fume fever, lung function changes, and an increase in the incidence of lung infection. Questions remain regarding the possible mechanisms associated with the potential pulmonary effects of welding fume exposure. The objective was to assess the early effects of stainless steel (SS) welding fume inhalation on lung injury, inflammation, and defense responses. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to gas metal arc-SS welding fume at a concentration of 15 or 40 mg/m(3) x 3 h/day for 1, 3, or 10 days. The control group was exposed to filtered air. To assess lung defense responses, some animals were intratracheally inoculated with 5x10(4) Listeria monocytogenes 1 day after the last exposure. Welding particles were collected during exposure, and elemental composition and particle size were determined. At 1, 4, 6, 11, 14, and 30 days after the final exposure, parameters of lung injury (lactate dehydrogenase and albumin) and inflammation (PMN influx) were measured in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In addition, particle-induced effects on pulmonary clearance of bacteria and macrophage function were assessed. SS particles were composed of Fe, Cr, Mn, and Ni. Particle size distribution analysis indicated the mass median aerodynamic diameter of the generated fume to be 0.255 microm. Parameters of lung injury were significantly elevated at all time points post-exposure compared to controls except for 30 days. Interestingly, no significant difference in lung PMNs was observed between the SS and control groups at 1, 4, and 6 days post-exposure. After 6 days post-exposure, a dramatic increase in lung PMNs was observed in the SS group compared to air controls. Lung bacteria clearance and macrophage function were reduced and immune and inflammatory cytokines were altered in the SS group. In summary, short-term exposure of rats to SS welding fume caused significant lung damage and suppressed lung defense responses to bacterial infection, but had a delayed effect on pulmonary inflammation. Additional chronic inhalation studies are needed to further examine the lung effects associated with SS welding fume exposure.
许多焊工都经历过支气管炎、金属烟热、肺功能改变以及肺部感染发病率的增加。关于焊接烟尘暴露潜在的肺部影响的相关可能机制仍存在疑问。目的是评估吸入不锈钢（SS）焊接烟尘对肺损伤、炎症和防御反应的早期影响。将雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠暴露于浓度为15或40mg/m³×3小时/天的气体保护金属电弧焊SS焊接烟尘中，持续1、3或10天。对照组暴露于过滤空气中。为评估肺部防御反应，在最后一次暴露后1天，对一些动物进行气管内接种5×10⁴单核细胞增生李斯特菌。在暴露期间收集焊接颗粒，并测定其元素组成和粒径。在最后一次暴露后的1、4、6、11、14和30天，测量支气管肺泡灌洗液中的肺损伤参数（乳酸脱氢酶和白蛋白）和炎症参数（中性粒细胞流入）。此外，评估颗粒对细菌肺部清除和巨噬细胞功能的影响。SS颗粒由铁、铬、锰和镍组成。粒径分布分析表明所产生烟尘的质量中位空气动力学直径为0.255微米。与对照组相比，除30天外，暴露后所有时间点的肺损伤参数均显著升高。有趣的是，暴露后1、4和6天，SS组和对照组之间的肺中性粒细胞未观察到显著差异。暴露后6天，与空气对照组相比，SS组肺中性粒细胞显著增加。SS组的肺部细菌清除和巨噬细胞功能降低，免疫和炎症细胞因子发生改变。总之，大鼠短期暴露于SS焊接烟尘会导致显著的肺损伤，并抑制肺部对细菌感染的防御反应，但对肺部炎症有延迟影响。需要进一步进行慢性吸入研究，以进一步检查与SS焊接烟尘暴露相关的肺部影响。
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