Armstrong M S, Vaughan K
Department of Psychiatry, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 1996 Mar;27(1):21-32. doi: 10.1016/0005-7916(95)00056-9.
Dyck's (Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 1993) conditioning model of EMD provides a useful description of failure of habituation in post-traumatic stress disorder, but may not account for some common EMD phenomena. An alternative model proposes that the therapist's waving hand--in the presence of a trauma-related cortical set--triggers an intense orienting response (OR). Intrinsic effects of the OR facilitate continuing attention to the memory without avoidance, and provide for effective input of new trauma-related information. The person's neuronal model of the trauma alters to reflect his survival and current safety--as true outcome of the trauma--and associated conditioned responses extinguish. Proposals for experimental evaluation of the model are described.
戴克（《行为疗法与实验精神病学杂志》，1993年）提出的眼动脱敏再处理疗法（EMD）的条件作用模型，对创伤后应激障碍中习惯化失败做出了有益描述，但可能无法解释一些常见的眼动脱敏再处理疗法现象。另一种模型提出，在存在与创伤相关的皮层定势的情况下，治疗师挥动的手会引发强烈的定向反应（OR）。定向反应的内在效应有助于持续关注记忆而不产生回避，并为新的与创伤相关信息的有效输入提供条件。个体关于创伤的神经元模型会发生改变，以反映其生存状况和当前的安全——作为创伤的真实结果——同时相关的条件反应会消退。文中描述了对该模型进行实验评估的建议。
