Hanna J N, Ritchie S A, Phillips D A, Shield J, Bailey M C, Mackenzie J S, Poidinger M, McCall B J, Mills P J
Tropical Public Health Unit, Queensland Health, Cairns.
Med J Aust. 1996 Sep 2;165(5):256-60. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb124960.x.
To determine the distribution of virus infection during an outbreak of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in the Torres Strait, and to describe the environmental factors facilitating the outbreak.
Human and porcine serological surveys for JE virus activity throughout the Torres Strait, and mosquito and household surveys on the island of Badu.
The island of Badu (where the clinical cases occurred) and the other islands of the Torres Strait, Australia, during April-May 1995.
The serological surveys identified recent JE virus infection among residents or domestic pigs on at least nine outer Torres Strait islands. A JE virus, confirmed by nucleotide sequencing, was isolated from two asymptomatic Badu residents. Virus isolations and mosquito surveys implicated Culex annulirostris as the major vector involved in the outbreak. There was prolific Cx. annulirostris breeding in a variety of water bodies close to and within the Badu community. Over half (53%) of the households kept pigs in pens, and many (63%) of the pigpens were situated near standing water; in 56% of these "wet" pigpens Cx. annulirostris was breeding.
There was evidence of widespread JE virus activity throughout the outer islands of the Torres Strait. We suggest that migratory birds and/or wind-blown mosquitoes could have imported the virus into the Torres Strait from a focus of viral activity, possibly in Papua New Guinea, thereby initiating the outbreak. A combination of environmental factors, with large numbers of domestic pigs in close proximity to human dwellings and mosquito breeding sites, undoubtedly facilitated the outbreak on Badu.
确定托雷斯海峡日本脑炎（JE）疫情期间病毒感染的分布情况，并描述促成此次疫情的环境因素。
对整个托雷斯海峡的日本脑炎病毒活动进行人类和猪的血清学调查，以及对巴杜岛进行蚊子和家庭调查。
1995年4月至5月期间，澳大利亚托雷斯海峡的巴杜岛（临床病例发生地）及其他岛屿。
血清学调查确定，托雷斯海峡至少九个外岛的居民或家猪近期感染了日本脑炎病毒。通过核苷酸测序确认从两名无症状的巴杜岛居民身上分离出一种日本脑炎病毒。病毒分离和蚊子调查表明环纹库蚊是此次疫情的主要传播媒介。在巴杜社区附近和社区内的各种水体中，环纹库蚊大量繁殖。超过一半（53%）的家庭将猪圈养起来，许多（63%）猪圈位于死水附近；在这些“潮湿”猪圈中有56%滋生着环纹库蚊。
有证据表明托雷斯海峡外岛存在广泛的日本脑炎病毒活动。我们认为候鸟和/或随风传播的蚊子可能将病毒从病毒活动中心（可能在巴布亚新几内亚）带入托雷斯海峡，从而引发了此次疫情。环境因素的综合作用，加上大量家猪靠近人类住所和蚊子滋生地，无疑促成了巴杜岛的疫情爆发。
