Neisser U, Winograd E, Bergman E T, Schreiber C A, Palmer S E, Weldon M S
Emory University, Atlanta, USA.
Memory. 1996 Jul;4(4):337-57. doi: 10.1080/096582196388898.
Three groups of informants--two in California, one in Atlanta--recalled their experiences of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake shortly after the event and again 11/2 years later. The Californians' recalls of their own earthquake experiences were virtually perfect. Even their recalls of hearing the news of an earthquake-related event were very good: much higher than Atlantan recalls of hearing about the quake itself. Atlantans who had relatives in the affected area remembered significantly more than those who did not. These data show that personal involvement in the quake led to greatly improved recall, but do not show why. Many Californian informants reported low levels of stress/arousal during the event; arousal ratings were not significantly correlated with recall. The authors suggest that repeated narrative rehearsals may have played an important role.
三组受访者——两组来自加利福尼亚州，一组来自亚特兰大——在1989年洛马普列塔地震发生后不久以及1.5年后再次回忆了他们的经历。加利福尼亚人对自己地震经历的回忆几乎完美。甚至他们对听到与地震相关事件新闻的回忆也非常好：远高于亚特兰大人对听到地震本身的回忆。在受灾地区有亲属的亚特兰大人比没有亲属的人记得多得多。这些数据表明，亲身经历地震会极大地提高回忆能力，但并未表明原因。许多加利福尼亚受访者报告称，在地震发生时压力/唤醒水平较低；唤醒评分与回忆之间没有显著相关性。作者认为，反复的叙述性排练可能起到了重要作用。
