Ohala J J
Department of Linguistics, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA.
J Acoust Soc Am. 1996 Mar;99(3):1718-25. doi: 10.1121/1.414696.
Three types of evidence are reviewed which cast doubt on claims that recovery of the speaker's articulations is an inherent part of speech perception: (a) Phonological data (e.g., universal tendencies of languages' segment inventories, phonotactic patterns, sound changes, etc.) show unmistakably that the acoustic-auditory properties of speech sounds, not their articulations, are the primary determinant of their behavior. (b) Infants and various nonhuman species can differentiate certain sound contrasts in human speech even though it is highly unlikely that they can deduce the vocal tract movements generating the sounds. (c) Humans can differentiate many nonspeech sounds almost as complex as speech, e.g., music, machine noises, as well as bird and monkey vocalizations, where there is little or no possibility of recovering the mechanisms producing the sounds.
本文回顾了三类证据，这些证据对“恢复说话者的发音是语音感知的固有组成部分”这一说法提出了质疑：(a) 语音学数据（例如，语言音段库的普遍趋势、音位组合模式、语音变化等）明确表明，语音的声学 - 听觉属性而非其发音，是其行为的主要决定因素。(b) 婴儿和各种非人类物种能够区分人类语音中的某些声音对比，尽管它们极不可能推断出产生这些声音的声道运动。(c) 人类能够区分许多几乎与语音一样复杂的非语音声音，例如音乐、机器噪音以及鸟类和猴子的叫声，而在这些声音中几乎不可能恢复产生声音的机制。
