Schuknecht B F, Schäuble B, Pangalu A, Valavanis A
Institut für Neuroradiologie, Universitätsspital, Zürich.
Radiologe. 1996 Jan;36(1):1-11. doi: 10.1007/s001170050033.
The diagnostic potential of color-coded duplex sonography in extracranial vascular lesions is evaluated with reference to the literature. Indications for the applications of color-coded duplex sonography comprise congenital vascular anomalies, arteriosclerotic lesions, dissections, aneurysms, arteriovenous fistulas and glomus tumors. New applications consist include monitoring after vascular interventional procedures. Color-coded duplex sonography allows recognition of congenital anatomic variants like agenesis of the internal carotid artery and variations of the origin of the vertebral artery. By superior surface delineation, characterization and quantification of plaques and stenoses are improved because of a new development in ultrasound technique. In cases of vessel dissection color-coded ultrasound is able to depict the dissection membrane, pulse synchronous flow reversal and "reentry" phenomena. Significant carotid bulb ectasia can be demonstrated and differentiated from aneurysm formation by 3D technique and angio-CT. Extracranial arteriovenous fistulas may be localized and detailed with respect to feeding arteries and draining veins. Glomus caroticum and jugular tumors are characterized by a high degree of vascularity and a position in the carotid bifurcation and within the jugular vein, respectively. The position of intravascular devices like detachable balloons and catheters was precisely demonstrated.
Color-coded duplex sonography may assume a leading role in the noninvasive evaluation of extracranial vascular lesions. It provides criteria for the necessity and rational application of additional diagnostic procedures (MR, MRA, CT, DSA).
参照文献评估彩色编码双功超声在颅外血管病变中的诊断潜力。彩色编码双功超声的应用指征包括先天性血管异常、动脉硬化性病变、夹层、动脉瘤、动静脉瘘和球瘤。新的应用包括血管介入术后的监测。彩色编码双功超声能够识别先天性解剖变异，如颈内动脉缺如和椎动脉起源变异。由于超声技术的新进展，通过更好地显示表面，斑块和狭窄的特征描述和定量分析得到了改善。在血管夹层病例中，彩色编码超声能够显示夹层膜、脉搏同步血流逆转和“再入”现象。通过三维技术和血管CT可以显示明显的颈动脉球扩张并与动脉瘤形成相鉴别。颅外动静脉瘘可以定位，并能详细显示供血动脉和引流静脉。颈动脉球瘤和颈静脉球瘤的特征分别是血管丰富，位于颈动脉分叉处和颈静脉内。可精确显示可脱性球囊和导管等血管内装置的位置。
彩色编码双功超声在颅外血管病变的无创评估中可能起主导作用。它为其他诊断程序（磁共振成像、磁共振血管造影、计算机断层扫描、数字减影血管造影）的必要性和合理应用提供了标准。
