Fazekas B, Kis M, Hajdu E T
Veterinary Institute of Debrecen, Hungary.
Acta Vet Hung. 1996;44(1):25-37.
The fumonisin B1, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol and T-2 toxin content of maize samples collected in the period of storage and harvesting was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods. Of the mouldy maize samples collected in the period of storage, 70.8% contained fumonisin B1 (0.05-19.8 mg/kg; average concentration: 2.6 mg/kg), 87.5% contained zearalenone (0.01-11.8 mg/kg, average concentration: 1.26 mg/kg), 70% contained deoxynivalenol (0.07-21.2, average concentration: 4.33 mg/kg), and 41.7% contained T-2 toxin (0.06-0.39, average concentration: 0.2 mg/kg). These mycotoxins often occurred together in the samples. In the non-mouldy samples, both the positivity rate and the mycotoxin concentration were markedly lower. In the harvesting period, the mycotoxin content of maize ears more or less affected by moulds (so-called "affected sample") and of the average sample was determined separately for each maize-field involved in the study. Of the affected samples, 70% contained fumonisin B1 (0.095-52.4 mg/kg; average: 6.64 mg/kg), 17% contained zearalenone (0.006-0.079 mg/kg; average: 0.03 mg/kg), 13% contained deoxynivalenol (0.05-0.118 mg/kg; average: 0.09 mg/kg), and 39% contained T-2 toxin (0.05-0.551 mg/kg; average: 0.165 mg/kg). Fumonisin B1 and T-2 toxin often occurred together in the affected maize samples. Of the "average samples", 30% were contaminated with fumonisin B1 (0.06-5.1 mg/kg; average: 1.52 mg/kg) and 9% with T-2 toxin (min.-max.-average: 0.05 mg/kg). The results call attention to the fact that maize cultivated in Hungary is often contaminated with fumonisin B1. High concentrations of fumonisin B1 were found primarily in the mouldy or affected maize ears; therefore, the development of diseases caused by fumonisin B1 should be reckoned with primarily if such maize is fed. Besides fumonisin B1, mouldy or affected maize usually contains also other fusariotoxins, which raises the possibility of mycotoxin interactions. Because of the high prevalence of fumonisin B1 in maize grown in Hungary, the authors suggest that samples of maize used for feeding horses and pigs should be checked for fumonisin B1 content.
采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法测定了储存期和收获期采集的玉米样品中伏马菌素B1、玉米赤霉烯酮、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和T-2毒素的含量。在储存期采集的发霉玉米样品中，70.8%含有伏马菌素B1（0.05 - 19.8毫克/千克；平均浓度：2.6毫克/千克），87.5%含有玉米赤霉烯酮（0.01 - 11.8毫克/千克，平均浓度：1.26毫克/千克），70%含有脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（0.07 - 21.2，平均浓度：4.33毫克/千克），41.7%含有T-2毒素（0.06 - 0.39，平均浓度：0.2毫克/千克）。这些霉菌毒素在样品中常常同时出现。在未发霉的样品中，阳性率和霉菌毒素浓度均明显较低。在收获期，对研究涉及的每个玉米田的玉米穗中或多或少受霉菌影响的（所谓“受影响样品”）和平均样品的霉菌毒素含量分别进行了测定。在受影响的样品中，70%含有伏马菌素B1（0.095 - 52.4毫克/千克；平均：6.64毫克/千克），17%含有玉米赤霉烯酮（0.006 - 0.079毫克/千克；平均：0.03毫克/千克），13%含有脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（0.05 - 0.118毫克/千克；平均：0.09毫克/千克），39%含有T-2毒素（0.05 - 0.551毫克/千克；平均：0.165毫克/千克）。伏马菌素B1和T-2毒素在受影响的玉米样品中常常同时出现。在“平均样品”中，30%被伏马菌素B1污染（0.06 - 5.1毫克/千克；平均：1.52毫克/千克），9%被T-2毒素污染（最小 - 最大 - 平均：0.0５毫克/千克）。结果提醒人们注意，匈牙利种植的玉米常常被伏马菌素B1污染。高浓度的伏马菌素B1主要存在于发霉或受影响的玉米穗中；因此，如果用这种玉米喂养动物，主要应考虑伏马菌素B1引发疾病的可能性。除了伏马菌素B1，发霉或受影响的玉米通常还含有其他镰刀菌毒素，这增加了霉菌毒素相互作用的可能性。由于伏马菌素B1在匈牙利种植的玉米中普遍存在，作者建议应对用于喂养马和猪的玉米样品进行伏马菌素B1含量检测。
