Mackenzie J S, Poidinger M, Lindsay M D, Hall R A, Sammels L M
Department of Microbiology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Virus Genes. 1995;11(2-3):225-37. doi: 10.1007/BF01728662.
Three distinct patterns in the molecular epidemiology and evolution are evident among the alphaviruses and flaviviruses enzootic in Australia. One pattern, exemplified by MVE and KUN viruses, is of a single genetic type evolving slowly and uniformly in geographically widely separated regions of Australia with no evidence of independent divergence. The second pattern, exemplified by RR virus, is of separate genotypes evolving in different geographic regions with significant nucleotide divergence between genotypes. The third pattern, exemplified by SIN virus, is of a succession of temporally related genotypes that extend over most of the Australian continent, with relatively low levels of nucleotide divergence within a genotype, and which are each replaced by the subsequent genotype. These patterns are associated in part due to the nature and dispersal of their vertebrate hosts. Nucleotide divergence rates for Australian alphaviruses are similar to those reported elsewhere. Genomic relationships between Australian flavivirus members of the JE virus serological complex and between Australian alphaviruses are discussed, and evidence is presented for a possible new genomic lineage of SIN virus.
在澳大利亚地方性流行的甲病毒和黄病毒中，分子流行病学和进化方面有三种明显不同的模式。第一种模式以墨累河谷脑炎病毒（MVE）和库宁病毒（KUN）为例，是单一基因类型在澳大利亚地理上广泛分隔的区域缓慢且均匀地进化，没有独立分化的证据。第二种模式以罗思河病毒（RR）为例，是在不同地理区域进化的不同基因型，基因型之间存在显著的核苷酸差异。第三种模式以辛德毕斯病毒（SIN）为例，是一系列在澳大利亚大陆大部分地区延伸的时间相关基因型，基因型内核苷酸差异水平相对较低，且每个基因型都被后续基因型所取代。这些模式部分与它们脊椎动物宿主的性质和传播有关。澳大利亚甲病毒的核苷酸差异率与其他地方报道的相似。讨论了澳大利亚乙型脑炎病毒血清学复合体的黄病毒成员之间以及澳大利亚甲病毒之间的基因组关系，并提供了辛德毕斯病毒可能存在新基因组谱系的证据。
