Crenshaw W B, Francis P S
Family Service and Guidance, Topeka, KS, USA.
Psychiatr Serv. 1995 Oct;46(10):1026-31. doi: 10.1176/ps.46.10.1026.
State psychiatric hospitals across the U.S. were surveyed to develop national normative data on the incidence of seclusion and restrain and of injuries to patients and staff resulting from aggression by patients.
A survey instrument was sent to 225 state hospitals requesting information for a one-year period on the number of patients placed in seclusion or restraint, the number of discrete incidents of seclusion and restraint, the number of hours patients spent in seclusion or restraint, and the number of injuries to patients and staff attributable to aggression by patients. Rates of seclusion, restraint, and injuries were calculated to control for variation in hospital censuses. Percentile ranks for the various rates were calculated to allow hospitals to compare their rates.
A total of 101 state hospitals in 44 states and the District of Columbia returned the survey. In general, smaller hospitals had higher rates of seclusion and restraint. However, large standard deviations in the mean rates suggested considerable variability between hospitals in the sample. Small positive correlations between rates of seclusion and rates of restraint suggested that the hospitals did not use of the two interventions exclusively.
对美国各地的州立精神病医院进行调查，以制定关于隔离和约束发生率以及患者攻击行为导致患者和工作人员受伤情况的全国性规范数据。
向225家州立医院发送了一份调查问卷，要求提供为期一年的信息，包括被隔离或约束的患者数量、隔离和约束的独立事件数量、患者被隔离或约束的时长，以及患者攻击行为导致的患者和工作人员受伤数量。计算隔离、约束和受伤发生率以控制医院普查中的差异。计算各种发生率的百分位数排名，以便医院比较其发生率。
44个州和哥伦比亚特区的101家州立医院回复了调查。总体而言，规模较小的医院隔离和约束发生率较高。然而，平均发生率的较大标准差表明样本中的医院之间存在相当大的差异。隔离率和约束率之间存在小的正相关，表明医院并非仅使用这两种干预措施。
