Thompson C B, McArthur R D
Water Resources Center, Desert Research Institute, University and Community College System of Nevada, Las Vegas 89132-0040, USA.
Health Phys. 1996 Oct;71(4):470-6. doi: 10.1097/00004032-199610000-00005.
As one of several dose reconstruction projects, the Off-site Radiation Exposure Review Project needed to develop models that reflect processes and lifestyles of the past and obtain accurate and adequate historical data to drive the models. One of the critical pieces, ultimately used to estimate the potential dose to people in the area surrounding the Nevada Test Site, was the development of exposure rate estimates used as input to the external and internal dose models. The historical data available for making these estimates were collected in manners and for purposes not necessarily consistent with the needs of this task. The Town Data Base is the culmination of the effort to develop those estimates for the Project's Phase I region (or for locations near the Nevada Test Site that were primarily covered by ground monitoring at the time of the nuclear tests). It includes estimates of discernible exposure rate at 353 populated locations in Arizona, California, Nevada, and Utah and for 74 nuclear tests at the Nevada Test Site. Each dose reconstruction effort has similarities with, and variations from, others. This paper describes some of the challenges encountered in creating the Town Data Base and the approaches used to address them. These challenges included collecting historical data, incorporating net exposure rate values of zero into the estimates, defining a discernible fallout level, handling the lack of measurements at some locations and creating dispersion estimates. The approaches were developed to create "best" estimates and to use actual data (as opposed to assumed values) as the primary source where such data were available. A summary of the spatial distribution of these estimates and a comparison of relative levels of fallout by location are also included.
作为多个剂量重建项目之一，场外辐射暴露审查项目需要开发能够反映过去的过程和生活方式的模型，并获取准确且充分的历史数据来驱动这些模型。其中一个关键部分，最终用于估计内华达试验场周边地区人们的潜在剂量，是开发用作外部和内部剂量模型输入的暴露率估计值。可用于进行这些估计的历史数据的收集方式和目的不一定与这项任务的需求一致。城镇数据库是为该项目第一阶段区域（或核试验时主要由地面监测覆盖的内华达试验场附近地点）开发这些估计值的努力的成果。它包括亚利桑那州、加利福尼亚州、内华达州和犹他州353个人口聚居地的可辨别的暴露率估计值，以及内华达试验场74次核试验的相关数据。每次剂量重建工作都与其他工作有相似之处和不同之处。本文描述了创建城镇数据库过程中遇到的一些挑战以及用于应对这些挑战的方法。这些挑战包括收集历史数据、将零净暴露率值纳入估计值、定义可辨别的沉降水平、处理某些地点缺乏测量数据的情况以及创建扩散估计值。所采用的方法旨在创建“最佳”估计值，并在有实际数据（而非假设值）可用时将其作为主要来源。还包括这些估计值的空间分布总结以及按地点比较沉降的相对水平。
