McDermott P A
Graduate School of Education, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1996 Feb;24(1):53-66. doi: 10.1007/BF01448373.
Psychopathology was assessed through standardized observations by teachers of 1,400 youths 5 through 17 years old comprising the national norm sample of the Adjustment Scales for Children and Adolescents. The sample was stratified according to the US. population by age, sex, ethnicity, parent education, family structure, national region, community size, and handicapping condition. The maladjusted portion of the sample for each of six specific syndromes was examined for departures from expected developmental and gender prevalence. Males outnumbered females for most types of maladjustment, including attention-deficit hyperactive, both provocative and impulsive forms of solitary aggressive, oppositional defiant, and avoidant disorders. Also revealed were general patterns of reduced behavior excess and increased avoidant behavior with advancing age.
精神病理学是通过对1400名5至17岁青少年进行标准化观察来评估的，这些青少年构成了儿童和青少年适应量表的全国常模样本。样本根据美国人口按年龄、性别、种族、父母教育程度、家庭结构、国家地区、社区规模和残疾状况进行分层。对六种特定综合征中每种综合征的适应不良样本部分进行了检查，以确定其与预期发育和性别患病率的差异。在大多数类型的适应不良中，男性人数超过女性，包括注意力缺陷多动、挑衅性和冲动性的孤独攻击性、对立违抗和回避障碍。还发现了随着年龄增长行为过度减少和回避行为增加的一般模式。
