Berthelot Nicolas, Garon-Bissonnette Julia, Jomphe Valérie, Doucet-Beaupré Hélène, Bureau Alexandre, Maziade Michel
Department of Nursing Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada.
CERVO Brain Research Center, Centre intégré de santé et de services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
Schizophr Bull Open. 2022 Feb 8;3(1):sgac017. doi: 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgac017. eCollection 2022 Jan.
Genetically high-risk children carry indicators of brain dysfunctions that adult patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder display. The accumulation of risk indicators would have a higher predictive value of a later transition to psychosis or mood disorder than each individual risk indicator. Since more than 50% of adult patients report having been exposed to childhood trauma, we investigated whether exposure to trauma during childhood was associated with the early accumulation of risk indicators in youths at genetic risk.
We first inspected the characteristics of childhood trauma in 200 young offspring (51% male) born to a parent affected by DSM-IV schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depressive disorder. A subsample of 109 offspring (51% male) had measurements on four risk indicators: cognitive impairments, psychotic-like experiences, nonpsychotic nonmood childhood DSM diagnoses, poor global functioning. Trauma was assessed from direct interviews and reviews of lifetime medical and school records of offspring.
Trauma was present in 86 of the 200 offspring (43%). The relative risk of accumulating risk indicators in offspring exposed to trauma was 3.33 (95% CI 1.50, 7.36), but more pronounced in males (RR = 4.64, 95% CI 1.71, 12.6) than females (RR = 2.01, 95% CI 0.54, 7.58).
Childhood trauma would be related to the accumulation of developmental precursors of major psychiatric disorders and more so in young boys at high genetic risk. Our findings may provide leads for interventions targeting the early mechanisms underlying the established relation between childhood trauma and adult psychiatric disorders.
具有遗传高风险的儿童携带成年精神分裂症或双相情感障碍患者所表现出的脑功能障碍指标。与单个风险指标相比，风险指标的累积对后期转变为精神病或情绪障碍具有更高的预测价值。由于超过50%的成年患者报告曾遭受童年创伤，我们调查了童年期遭受创伤是否与具有遗传风险的青少年早期风险指标的累积有关。
我们首先检查了200名受DSM-IV精神分裂症、双相情感障碍或重度抑郁症影响的父母所生的年轻后代（51%为男性）的童年创伤特征。109名后代（51%为男性）的子样本对四个风险指标进行了测量：认知障碍、类精神病体验、非精神病性非情绪性童年DSM诊断、整体功能差。通过对后代的直接访谈以及对其终生医疗和学校记录的审查来评估创伤情况。
200名后代中有86名（43%）存在创伤。遭受创伤的后代累积风险指标的相对风险为3.33（95%置信区间1.50，7.36），但在男性中（相对风险=4.64，95%置信区间1.71，12.6）比女性中（相对风险=2.01，95%置信区间0.54，7.58）更为明显。
童年创伤可能与主要精神障碍的发育前驱指标的累积有关，在具有高遗传风险的年轻男孩中更为如此。我们的研究结果可能为针对童年创伤与成人精神障碍之间既定关系的早期机制的干预措施提供线索。
