Daugaard G, Giwercman A, Skakkebaek N E
Department of Oncology, Finsen Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Semin Urol Oncol. 1996 Feb;14(1):8-12.
Testicular tumors are bilateral in approximately 5% of the cases, although the incidence of bilaterality is affected by the treatment of the primary tumor. A biopsy of the contralateral testis of testicular tumor patients will show carcinoma in situ (CIS) in 5% to 6% of cases. Virtually all untreated cases of CIS will progress into invasive testicular germ cell tumors. In some countries, most testicular tumor patients have a contralateral biopsy at the time of the primary orchiectomy; but in many countries, urologists are not always aware of the advantages of simultaneous contralateral biopsy. The policy in the United States does not encourage surgeons to perform a contralateral biopsy at the initial orchidectomy or to offer a biopsy to patients after referral to a specialist center. The diagnosis of CIS is not of mere academic interest, but makes it possible to offer the patient optimal treatment.
睾丸肿瘤约5%的病例为双侧性，尽管双侧性的发生率受原发肿瘤治疗的影响。睾丸肿瘤患者对侧睾丸活检显示，5%至6%的病例存在原位癌（CIS）。实际上，所有未经治疗的原位癌病例都会进展为浸润性睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤。在一些国家，大多数睾丸肿瘤患者在初次睾丸切除时会进行对侧活检；但在许多国家，泌尿外科医生并不总是意识到同时进行对侧活检的好处。美国的政策不鼓励外科医生在初次睾丸切除时进行对侧活检，也不鼓励在将患者转诊至专科中心后为其提供活检。原位癌的诊断不仅具有学术意义，还能为患者提供最佳治疗。
