Johnston D, Magee J C, Colbert C M, Cristie B R
Division of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
Annu Rev Neurosci. 1996;19:165-86. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ne.19.030196.001121.
Dendrites of neurons in the central nervous system are the principal sites for excitatory synaptic input. Although little is known about their function, two disparate perspectives have arisen to describe the activity patterns inherent to these diverse tree-like structures. Dendrites are thus considered either passive or active in their role in integrating synaptic inputs. This review follows the history of dendritic research from before the turn of the century to the present, with a primary focus on the hippocampus. A number of recent techniques, including high-speed fluorescence imaging and dendritic patch clamping, have provided new information and perspectives about the active properties of dendrites. The results support previous notions about the dendritic propagation of action potentials and also indicate which types of voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels are expressed and functionally active in dendrites. Possible roles for the active properties of dendrites in synaptic plasticity and integration are also discussed.
中枢神经系统中神经元的树突是兴奋性突触输入的主要部位。尽管人们对其功能了解甚少，但已出现两种不同观点来描述这些多样的树状结构所固有的活动模式。因此，树突在整合突触输入中的作用被认为要么是被动的，要么是主动的。本综述追溯了从世纪之交前到现在的树突研究历史，主要聚焦于海马体。包括高速荧光成像和树突膜片钳在内的一些最新技术，提供了关于树突主动特性的新信息和新观点。这些结果支持了之前关于动作电位在树突上传播的观点，也表明了哪些类型的电压门控钠通道和钙通道在树突中表达并具有功能活性。还讨论了树突主动特性在突触可塑性和整合中的可能作用。
