Wise R A
Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology and Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.
Annu Rev Neurosci. 1996;19:319-40. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ne.19.030196.001535.
Direct electrical or chemical stimulation of specific brain regions can establish response habits similar to those established by natural rewards such as food or sexual contact. Cocaine, mu and delta opiates, nicotine, phencyclidine, and cannabis each have actions that summate with rewarding electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB). The reward-potentiating effects of amphetamine and opiates are associated with central sites of action where these drugs also have their direct rewarding effects, suggesting common mechanisms for drug reward per se and for drug potentiation of brain stimulation reward. The central sites at which these and perhaps other drugs of abuse potentiate brain stimulation reward and are rewarding in their own right are consistent with the hypothesis that the laboratory reward of brain stimulation and the pharmacological rewards of addictive drugs are habit forming because they act in the brain circuits that subserve more natural and biologically significant rewards.
对特定脑区进行直接电刺激或化学刺激，能够建立起类似于由食物或性接触等自然奖励所建立的反应习惯。可卡因、μ和δ阿片类药物、尼古丁、苯环己哌啶和大麻各自的作用，与内侧前脑束（MFB）的奖励性电刺激相加。安非他命和阿片类药物的奖励增强作用，与这些药物也具有直接奖励作用的中枢作用位点相关，这表明药物本身的奖励作用以及药物对脑刺激奖励的增强作用存在共同机制。这些以及其他一些滥用药物增强脑刺激奖励并本身具有奖励作用的中枢位点，与以下假设一致：脑刺激的实验室奖励和成瘾药物的药理学奖励具有成瘾性，因为它们作用于服务于更自然和生物学上重要奖励的脑回路。
