Fraser A D, Meatherall R
Toxicology Laboratory, Victoria General Hospital, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
J Anal Toxicol. 1996 Jul-Aug;20(4):217-23. doi: 10.1093/jat/20.4.217.
This study included evaluation of five commercially available immunoassays for the detection of alprazolam and triazolam metabolites in urine following single oral doses of these drugs. The products investigated were the EMIT d.a.u. assay, EMIT II assay, Abbott TDx (FPIA) assay, Bio Site TRIAGE device, and the Boehringer Mannheim/Microgenics CEDIA assay for urinary benzodiazepines. Urine specimens were also analyzed quantitatively by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Percent cross-reactivity was assessed by analysis of drug free urine containing drug standards at concentrations ranging from 100 to 10,000 ng/mL. The drug standards analyzed were alpha-OH-alprazolam, alpha-OH-triazolam, and alpha-OH-alprazolam glucuronide. The effect of lowering the screening cut-off value to 100 ng/mL, lowering the confirmation cut-off value to 50 and 25 ng/mL and the use of beta-glucuronidase hydrolysis prior to analysis was also studied. Lowering the screening cut-off value and using enzymatic hydrolysis prior to screening increased the positive detection rate for benzodiazepines with the EMIT d.a.u. assay and fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA). The TRIAGE device gave the lowest percent cross-reactivity in the analysis of the drug standards and gave negative results in all urine specimens analyzed following ingestion of alprazolam and triazolam.
本研究包括对五种市售免疫测定法进行评估，以检测单次口服这些药物后尿液中阿普唑仑和三唑仑的代谢物。所研究的产品包括EMIT d.a.u.测定法、EMIT II测定法、雅培TDx（荧光偏振免疫分析）测定法、Bio Site TRIAGE装置以及用于检测尿中苯二氮䓬类药物的勃林格殷格翰/微基因公司CEDIA测定法。尿液标本还通过气相色谱 - 质谱法进行定量分析。通过分析含有浓度范围为100至10,000 ng/mL药物标准品的无药物尿液来评估交叉反应百分比。所分析的药物标准品为α - 羟基阿普唑仑、α - 羟基三唑仑和α - 羟基阿普唑仑葡萄糖醛酸苷。还研究了将筛查临界值降至100 ng/mL、将确证临界值降至50和25 ng/mL以及在分析前使用β - 葡萄糖醛酸酶水解的效果。降低筛查临界值并在筛查前使用酶水解可提高EMIT d.a.u.测定法和荧光偏振免疫分析（FPIA）对苯二氮䓬类药物的阳性检测率。TRIAGE装置在药物标准品分析中交叉反应百分比最低，并且在摄入阿普唑仑和三唑仑后所分析的所有尿液标本中均给出阴性结果。
