Malinchoc M, Colligan R C, Offord K P
Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
J Clin Psychol. 1996 May;52(3):285-95. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(199605)52:3<285::AID-JCLP5>3.0.CO;2-R.
This article reports adolescent norms for the Optimism-Pessimism (PSM) scale of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). The PSM scale measures explanatory style on a continuum from optimistic to pessimistic by using 298 MMPI items. It is based on Seligman's theory of explanatory style and was constructed by applying the Content Analysis of Verbatim Explanations (CAVE) technique to the MMPI item pool. The normative equations are based on a random sample of 624 normal boys and 691 normal girls ages 13 through 17 years. Reliability estimates of .94 demonstrate that the PSM scale can accurately assess explanatory style in adolescents. These norms may identify a personality factor associated with poorer physical and mental health and lower levels of achievement.
本文报告了明尼苏达多相人格量表（MMPI）的乐观-悲观（PSM）量表的青少年常模。PSM量表通过使用298个MMPI项目在从乐观到悲观的连续体上测量解释风格。它基于塞利格曼的解释风格理论，并通过将逐字解释的内容分析（CAVE）技术应用于MMPI项目库而构建。常模方程基于624名13至17岁正常男孩和691名正常女孩的随机样本。0.94的信度估计表明，PSM量表可以准确评估青少年的解释风格。这些常模可能识别出与较差的身心健康和较低成就水平相关的人格因素。
