Malinchoc M, Offord K P, Colligan R C
Section of Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
J Clin Psychol. 1995 Mar;51(2):205-14. doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(199503)51:2<205::aid-jclp2270510210>3.0.co;2-2.
The Revised Optimism-Pessimism (PSM-R) scale was developed for use with either the MMPI-2 or the MMPI. The scale measures explanatory style on a continuum from optimistic to pessimistic by using 263 MMPI items of the original 298-item Optimism-Pessimism (PSM) scale. These 263 items are common to both the MMPI-2 and MMPI. PSM-R norms are based on a random sample of 1,408 normal adults who also were used for developing norms for the original PSM scale. Reliability estimates (.93 for men; .94 for women) indicate that the PSM-R scale is as accurate as the original PSM scale.
