Singhal A, Lalitha M K, John T J, Thomas K, Raghupathy P, Jacob S, Steinhoff M C
Department of Microbiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamilnadu, India.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1996 Jun;15(6):472-7. doi: 10.1007/BF01691314.
A modified latex agglutination test was designed and evaluated for the rapid detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae type b capsular antigens, and for direct serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the cerebrospinal fluid. Reagents were prepared by sensitizing latex particles with Omniserum (against 83 capsular serotypes of pneumococci) and Haemophilus influenzae type b burro antiserum. For serotyping reagents, latex particles were similarly coated with nine pneumococcal pool (a to I) antisera and 46 individual pneumococcal serogroup/serotype specific antisera. The test was performed on cerebrospinal fluid from 298 patients with suspected meningitis. Serotyping was done directly on untreated cerebrospinal fluid samples showing positive reactions with the Omniserum reagent. Pneumococcal or Haemophilus influenzae type b antigens were detected in 41 patients; in 32 of these the etiology was established by culture and in 2 by smear examination. Five of the remaining seven cases were judged clinically and by cytological examination of cerebrospinal fluid to have partially treated bacterial meningitis. In two cases the test was false positive. The overall sensitivity and specificity of the latex agglutination test for the detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b antigens was 100% and 96.8% respectively. The commonest pneumococcal serotypes were type 1 (30%), types 6 and 19 (10% each). The latex agglutination test is rapid and simple to perform, yielding serotype data directly by testing of cerebrospinal fluid.
设计并评估了一种改良乳胶凝集试验，用于快速检测肺炎链球菌和b型流感嗜血杆菌的荚膜抗原，以及直接对脑脊液中的肺炎链球菌进行血清分型。通过用全血清（针对83种肺炎球菌荚膜血清型）和b型流感嗜血杆菌驴抗血清致敏乳胶颗粒来制备试剂。对于血清分型试剂，乳胶颗粒同样用9种肺炎球菌混合（a至I）抗血清和46种肺炎球菌血清群/血清型特异性抗血清包被。对298例疑似脑膜炎患者的脑脊液进行了该试验。直接对未经处理的脑脊液样本进行血清分型，这些样本与全血清试剂反应呈阳性。在41例患者中检测到肺炎球菌或b型流感嗜血杆菌抗原；其中32例通过培养确定病因，2例通过涂片检查确定病因。其余7例中有5例经临床判断和脑脊液细胞学检查诊断为部分治疗的细菌性脑膜炎。2例试验结果为假阳性。乳胶凝集试验检测肺炎链球菌和b型流感嗜血杆菌抗原的总体敏感性和特异性分别为100%和96.8%。最常见的肺炎球菌血清型为1型（30%）、6型和19型（各10%）。乳胶凝集试验操作快速简便，通过检测脑脊液可直接获得血清型数据。
