Bedford-Russell A R
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, St. George's Hospital, London, UK.
Eur J Pediatr. 1996 Aug;155 Suppl 2:S21-4. doi: 10.1007/BF01958076.
While the overall incidence of infection has remained constant at approximately 7/1000 livebirths, the last decade has witnessed a reduction in early onset infections and a relative increase in nosocomial sepsis, chiefly with coagulase-negative staphylococci. Immaturity of host defence mechanisms contributes to an increasing susceptibility to infection with decreasing gestational age and birth weight. In the past, efforts to enhance host defence have included the use of granulocyte infusions, fresh frozen plasma, exchange blood transfusions and immunoglobulin therapy. Current trials are investigating the use of agents which enhance endogenous defence mechanisms, such as, recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factant and recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and of pentoxifylline. In the meantime strict attention to handwashing and aseptic technique remain the best methods of preventing nosocomial sepsis.
虽然感染的总体发生率一直保持在约7/1000活产儿的水平，但在过去十年中，早发型感染有所减少，医院内败血症相对增加，主要是由凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌引起的。宿主防御机制的不成熟导致随着胎龄和出生体重的降低，感染易感性增加。过去，增强宿主防御的措施包括使用粒细胞输注、新鲜冷冻血浆、换血输血和免疫球蛋白治疗。目前的试验正在研究使用增强内源性防御机制的药物，如重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子、重组人粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子和己酮可可碱。与此同时，严格注意洗手和无菌技术仍然是预防医院内败血症的最佳方法。
